پديدآورندگان :
Mahmoudi Atefeh Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, Fax: +98-231-33654110; Tel: +98-23-33383193 , Rajabi Maryam mrajabi@semnan.ac.ir Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, Fax: +98-231-33654110; Tel: +98-23-33383193; , Bazregar Mohammad Department of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, Fax: +98-231-33654110; Tel: +98-23-33383193
كليدواژه :
Amphetamine and methamphetamin , syringe filter , HPLC , microextraction
چكيده فارسي :
In this paper, an efficient method, named filter-based emulsification liquid-phase microextraction, is applied for the rapid and selective determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in complex matrices. At therapeutic doses, the psychostimulant amphetamine (Amph) is the most efficacious treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). At larger doses, Amph is rewarding, abused, and addictive [1,2]. Methamphetamine (Meth), which is one of the most harmful and addictive drugs, is widely abused worldwide [3]. The popularity of this drug worldwide seems to be due to its easy production, low cost and powerful psychostimulant properties [4]. The developed method consists of two steps. In the first step, an organic extraction solvent is dispersed into an aqueous sample solution (20 mL, pH 12). As a result, a cloudy mixture is formed, and the analytes and the extractable interfering species are rapidly extracted into the organic solvent. The mixture is passed through a hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene syringe filter, and the organic phase is retained behind the hydrophilic membrane. In the second step, the filter is detached from the syringe, attached to another syringe containing an aqueous solution (pH 2.0, 150 μL). By the in-syringe dispersion of the organic phase into the aqueous phase, the analytes are ionized and selectively back-extracted into the aqueous phase. In addition to the preconcentration of the analytes in the aqueous phase, which can cause the elimination of the problem of injection of the organic solvent into the final instrument analyzer as well, the method provides a high sample clean-up since acidic compounds, large molecules, and neutral components are not extracted into the acceptor phase. The effective parameters involved are optimized to achieve the best extraction efficiency. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the proposed method provided a good linearity in the range of 5-600 ng mL-1, good extraction repeatabilities (RSDs below 8.6%, n = 5), a low limit of detection (1.5-2.0 ng mL-1), and enrichment factors of 41-48.
