One-step Green synthesis and characterization of highly Luminescent carbon dots from beef as selective and sensitive nanosensors for ketotifen fumarate detection in human fluids

Fluorescent carbon dots, a young smart member of the carbon nanomaterial family, were first obtained during purification of single-walled carbon nanotubes in 2004 [1]. They are generally oxygenous carbon nanoparticles with a size of less than 10 nm [2]. In this work, green luminescent water soluble carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by simply hydrothermal treatment of: beef, shrimp, beef liver and oyster, without using any surface passivating and oxidizing agent or inorganic salt. The application of high fluorescent beef CDs without any surface modification was described as a green, simple, economical method for sensitive and selective determination of ketotifen fumarate. The as prepared CDs exhibit exceptional advantages including considerable fluorescent quantum yield and satisfactory chemical stability. The fluorescence of CDs based nanosensor can be selectively and efficiently quenched by ketotifen fumarate. The linear range of determination of ketotifen fumarate by this nanosensor was 7×〖10〗^(-7)- 5×〖10〗^(-6) (mol/lit) with a detection limit of 3×〖10〗^(-7)(mol/lit). Finally, the proposed method was succefully applied in the determination of ketotifen fumarate in human serum and urine samples with satisfactory recoveries, which suggested that the new nanosensor had great prospect toward the detection of ketotifen fumarate in human fluids.