پديدآورندگان :
shakeri jozan Nahid Department of Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran , Mofazzeli Farideh f_mofazzeli@yahoo.com Department of Chemistry, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran, , Masrournia Mahboobeh Department of Chemistry, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad
كليدواژه :
Two liquid phase microextraction , Ibuprofen , Spectrofluorometry (Fluorescence spectroscopy) , Hair , water analysis.
چكيده فارسي :
Ibuprofen (IBU) is one of the most frequently administered nonsteroidal analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with properties mainly used for suppressing inflammatory processes, treating allergies and reducing pain [1]. It is applied orally, rectally or by injection and to a large degree also dermally as an ointment. In recent years, ibuprofen and the other NSAIDs have also been found as environmental contaminants in sewage, surface, ground, and drinking water samples [2-4]. Heberer and Reddersen reported amounts of these drugs in environmental water samples up to µg L-1 [2]. Considering that these substances are present in the environment at trace concentrations and in complex matrices, suitable preparation techniques need to be applied to the samples in order to isolate and preconcentrate the analytes prior to their determination [4]. In the present research, a new, speed, inexpensive and very simple preconcentration and sample preparation method based on two liquid-phase microextraction was used for the extraction of trace amounts of ibuprofen from real water and biological hair samples prior to spectrofluorometer. The proposed modified extraction method was used in this work is based on filtration of a non-homogeneous mixed solution of an aqueous sample and the organic extraction solvent with the ordinary filter papers. On the other hand, by using an innovative simple method, the internal volume of the quartz microcell was decreased and so, the used volume of the organic extraction solvent reduced as much as possible. The parameters influencing the extraction efficiencies including kind of the extracting solvent, microextraction time, the volume of the aqueous sample solution (donor phase), the volume of extraction solvent (acceptor phase), the stirring speed, the effects of pH and salt were optimized in this modified method. Under the optimal conditions, the obtained enrichment factor is above 80. By plotting fluorescence emission of the standard solutions versus various concentrations of the analyte, calibration curve is obtained which show that the linear ranges of 0.0007-1.5 µg mL-1 with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9945 for ibuprofen. The precision of the method was calculated as relative standard deviation (RSD %, n=5) in three different concentrations and were 5.8. The limit of detection (LOD) and also, the the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were calculated theoritically and the obtained values were 0.0002 and 0.0007 µg mL-1, respectively. Finally, the proposed microextraction method was used for the extraction of the analyte from environmental water and biological samples and the calculated relative recoveries were all above than % 85.
