A hard modelling strategy for tuning the apparent equilibrium constants of chemical systems

In most equilibrium reactions due to the complexity of complete model of chemical systems, the apparent equilibrium constants are preferable to the thermodynamic constants. Although the thermodynamic constants are changing only by temperature, the apparent constants are altered by environmental changes of chemical systems, e.g. total concentration of reagents, the intensity of light in photo-controlled reactions, types and concentration of solvents or composition of mixed solvents, the ionic strength of the chemical media, etc. Inspiring this, the main goal of this work is to control the conditions governing equilibrium systems in order to tune the apparent constants. Indeed, by extracting the analytic relationship between the parameters of the complete model and apparent model, the exact amount of the apparent constant(s) could be predicted. At first, a basic strategy for calculating the tunable range of apparent constants of chemical equilibria has been proposed. Next, three case studies for tuning the apparent constants are investigated work. The examples of tuning the apparent constants of different chemical systems include systems with inclusion complexes such as Cyclodextrin complexes, aqueous micellar solutions for investigating the solvent effects and boric acid as a chemical system with a low thermodynamic constant. In all examples tuning the apparent constant is possible by regulating the chemical situation. Also, the Boric acid system selected as a real chemical system to confirm the reliability of the presented theory.