پديدآورندگان :
Somayeh Mohammadi smhmohammadi4@gmail.com Mohammadi; Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran / Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Ingenieria de Aragon (I3A),University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; , Domeno Celia Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Ingenieria de Aragon (I3A),University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain , Nerin Isabel Smoking Cessation Unit, Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain , Aznar Margarita Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Ingenieria de Aragon (I3A),University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain , Nerin Cristina Department of Analytical Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación en Ingenieria de Aragon (I3A),University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
كليدواژه :
Tobacco markers , nitrosamines , urine , high resolution , mass spectrometry , carcinogenic compounds , solid phase extraction
چكيده فارسي :
The World Health Organization reports that there are more than 1 billion smokers in the world. Tobacco products contain a diverse array of chemical carcinogens that cause many types of cancer. There are more than 60 carcinogens in cigarette smoke and at least 16 in unburned tobacco. Among these, tobacco specific nitrosamines (such as 4-(methyl nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N′-nitrosonornicotine (NNN)), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzo[a]pyrene) and aromatic amines (such as 4-aminobiphenyl) seem to have an important role as causes of cancer [1]. The trace levels of nicotine and its metabolites have been measured in urine, meconium, hair, saliva or serum. Compared to other human biological samples, collection of urine is non-invasive and comparatively easier and more convenient than other methods [2]. Recently, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of- flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) has been widely applied especially for biological matrices, such as urine, plasma and saliva. The objective of this study was to develop an analytical method for the simultaneous determination and quantification of 9 important tobacco biomarkers, including 4 tobacco-specific nitrosamines such as 4-(methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), N -nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT); 3 aromatic amines such as 2,4-dimethylaniline , 4-aminobiphenyl and 2-naphthylamine; nicotine and cotinine using solid phase extraction followed by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography−tandem quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. Limits of detection (LODs) were in the range of 1.6 to 24 ng/g of urine.This analytical method was applied to 12 urine samples (in four periods of times after stop smoking). Nicotine, cotinine and N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) were detected in urine samples. Nicotine was determined in 6 out of 12 urine samples. Cotinine, the main metabolite from nicotine, was detected in 11 out of 12 urine samples. NAT was detected in 4 urine samples.
