تحليل نظام ناپايداري درسكونتگاههاي غيررسمي نمونه موردي : منطقه دو اسلامشهر

The analysis of the system in an unstable region, two informal case study Slamshahr

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭘﺪﯾﺪهﻫﺎي ﺑﺎرز ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻧﻈﺎم ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي از ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﻓﻀﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ اﺳﮑﺎن ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ.ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ در ﻣﺠﺎورت ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي ﺑﺰرگ، ﺑﺎزﺗﺎب ﮐﺎﺳﺘﯽﻫﺎ و ﻧﺎرﺳﺎﯾﯽﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖﻫﺎي ﻧﺎدرﺳﺖ در ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺎﺗﻮاﻧﯽ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﻬﺮي در ﮔﺴﺘﺮش زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺘﻬﺎ و ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺎﻋﺚ رﺷﺪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط اﯾﻦ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ از ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮف ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺴﺴﺖ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ﭘﺎرهاي از ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﻣﺴﮑﻮﻧﯽ از ﭘﯿﮑﺮه ﮐﻞ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺮﺧﻮرداري از ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺷﻬﺮي، ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺖ و از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﺷﯿﻪ راﻧﺪه ﺷﺪن و اﻧﺰواي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﭘﺎرهاي از ﮔﺮوﻫﻬﺎي اﺳﮑﺎن ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﮑﻞﮔﯿﺮي اﺳﮑﺎن ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دو اﺳﻼﻣﺸـﻬﺮ اﺳـﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از روش ،ﺗﻮﺻـﯿﻔﯽ - ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠـﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨـﯽ ﺑـﺮ روﺷـﻬﺎي اﺳـﻨﺎدي و ﻣﯿـﺪاﻧﯽ اﺳــﺘﻔﺎده ﺷــﺪه اﺳــﺖ. ﻧﺘــﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿــﻖ ﺣـﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳــﺖ ﮐــﻪ ﮐﻤﺒــﻮد اﻣﮑﺎﻧــﺎت و ﺧــﺪﻣﺎت درﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔـﺮوه ﺑـﻪ دﻟﯿـﻞ ارزاﻧﯽ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻪ و زﻣﯿﻦ، ﺿﻌﻒ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﻣﺎﻟﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨـﯿﻦ ﺑﻬـﺮه ﻣﻨـﺪي از اﻣﮑﺎﻧـﺎت و ﺧـﺪ ﻣﺎت در ﺷﻬﺮ، ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻏﯿﺮرﺳﻤﯽ را ﺑﺮﮔﺰﯾﺪهاﻧﺪ. ﺣﻘـﺎﯾﻖ ﺣﮑﺎﯾـﺖ از آن دارﻧـﺪ ﮐـﻪ اﯾـﻦ ﻣﺤﻠـﻪ ﺑـﺪون ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي و ﺑﺪون ﻧﻈﺎرت ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﻬﺮي ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺿـﻌﻒ ﻧﻈـﺎرت ﻣـﺪﯾﺮان ﺷﻬﺮي و ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺳﺎزﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎي اراﺋﻪ دﻫﻨﺪه ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺷﻬﺮي، ﻫﺴﺘﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ آن ﮐﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ در ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل اﺧﯿﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش زﯾﺎدي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﭘـﮋوﻫﺶ، راﻫﮑﺎرﻫـﺎ و ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎداﺗﯽ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ و ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨﺪﺳﺎزي و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﻣﺤﯿﻄـﯽ آن اراﺋـﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرت از: اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺑﺮﺧـﻮرداري از اﻣﮑﺎﻧـﺎت وﺧـﺪﻣ ﺎت ﻣﯿﺎن ﺷﻬﺮ و روﺳﺘﺎ، ﺑﻬﺴﺎزي ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ در روﻧﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ و دﻟﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﻫﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﺧﻮد، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺷـﻬﺮي و ﺗﺸـﮑﻞ ﻫـﺎي مردمي

One of the evident phenomena in urban system of developing countries is a kind of urbanization along with spatial and physical issues called informal settlement. Emersion and expansion of these settlements around large urban areas is contributed to lack and weakness of the right policies in the urban management. In the other word, insufficiency of urban management in developing infrastructures and services provision resulted in these settlements. So as to, in one hand, this event caused physical disconnect of some neighborhood from main body of city; social isolation of some communities; push them back from to outskirt and periphery of city and in another hand, it caused decrease of accessibility to urban services and quality of dwelling. The main objective of this research work is to investigate the principle reasons of formation of informal settlement in municipality zone 1 of Islamshar. To aim this goal, we used the analytical – descriptive methodology based on field-work and documentary references. Concluded results showed that lack and shortage of facilities and services in rural areas were forced them to immigrate to urban areas in order to be closer to necessary services. Then, rural families or new comers selected informal settlement for dwelling because of finding cheaper land and accommodation beyond city centre; considering in low-income class; and finally accessibility to current urban facilities. Proofs obtained that this neighborhood and community expanded unplanned and unsupervised of urban managers. More painful is that first core of this community has expanded and scattered in the last years just due to infirmity of urban manager supervision and also lack of coordination among different urban organizations. According to finding resulted of this thesis, suggestion, solution and proposals are presented so as to improve the life circumstances and environmental gradation and preferment in the case study community which some of them are mentioned in the following: making balance in level of accessibility to needed services and 211 facilities between rural and urban areas; physical and environmental reformation in some land uses such as educational and hygiene land uses; making attraction for residents to their community and reinforcement relation or connection among inhabitants and urban management organizations or their participation in urban development