ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺎﺷﺖ و ﮐﺎﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز درﻧﻪ Echinochloa colona (L.) Lin در كنجد

The effect of sowing method and herbicide application on junglerice (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link) control in sesame

ﮐﻨﺠﺪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داﻧﻪ روﻏﻨﯽ در دﻧﯿﺎﺳﺖ، ﮐﻪ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و رﻗﺎﺑﺖ آن ﺑﺎ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ و ﮐﻤﯿﺖ آن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺸﺖ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﺶ روﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻬﺎر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﮐﻨﺠﺪ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﺎ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺗﻮده ﮐﻨﺠﺪ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ در روﺳﺘﺎي ﮐﻮي آﺧﻮﻧﺪ از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن راﻣﻬﺮﻣﺰ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺸﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮت اﺻﻠﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺮﺗﯽ، ﮐﻒ ﺟﻮي و روي ﭘﺸﺘﻪ و روش ﻣﻬﺎر ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﮐﺮت ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎي اﮐﺴﯽ ﻓﻠﻮرﻓﻦ )1/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، داﯾﻮران )600 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﺗﺮﯾﻔﻠﻮراﻟﯿﻦ )2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﻟﯿﻨﻮران )1/25 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، و وﺟﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر وﺟﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﯽ )100 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ درﻧﻪ ( ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد داﯾﻮران در ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺸﺖ ﮐﻒ ﺟﻮي و روي ﭘﺸﺘﻪ ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 72/56 و 71/74 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ درﻧﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮐﻨﺠﺪ )1014/27 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر وﺟﯿﻦ دﺳﺘﯽ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﮐﻒ ﺟﻮي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ.

Sesame is one of the most important oilseed crops in the world, and the presence of weeds in the field and its competition with sesame is one of the main causes of its decrease in quality and quantity.The experiment was carried out in 2017-2018 growing season in Koye Akhond village, Ramhormoz, Khuzestan, Iran. The experimental design was split plots based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of sowing pattern as main plot at three levels (sowing on ridge, in farrow and flat) and weed control method as sub plot at five level (diuron (600 g ha-1), linuron (1.25 L ha-1), oxyfluorfen (1.5 L ha-1), trifluralin (2.5 L ha-1 and hand weeding treatment). A nontreated check was including for comparison. Results indicated that after manual weeding treatment (100% reduction in reduction dry weight), diuron application in farrow and on ridge sowing method (72.56% and 71.74% respectively) had the highest reduction dry weight percentage. The highest sesame seed yield (1930.37 kg ha-1) was obtained by manual weeding in farrow cultivation. However, no significant difference was observed with the treatment of trifluralin application in farrow (1878.20 Kg ha-1) with manual weeding in farrow cultivation.