ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي

Evaluation of cow manure and plant density impacts on growth indices of peppermint as a medicinal plant by using Central Composite Design

ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪﺳﺎزي ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛﺮات زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ و ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻃﺮح ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻣﺮﮐﺰي ﺑﺎ دو ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﺮدوﺳﯽ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﻮح ﺑﺎﻻ و ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ )10 و 15 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ )ﺻﻔﺮ و 70 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ ، وزن ﺗﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ، وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺪل درﺟﻪ دو ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎ اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮازش داده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﺷﺪه وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 12/5 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ+ 35 ﺗﻦ ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 2417/84 و 1042/97 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 12/5 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ+35 ﺗﻦ ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﺎ 755/13 ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و ﮐﻮد داﻣﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ و وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪامﻫﺎي ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺷﺪ.

Optimization of cow manure and plant density is a sustainable management approach to preserve resources and decrease environmental pollutions in medicinal plant systems. In order to evaluate the optimization of cow manure and plant density levels on growth indices of peppermint as a medicinal plant, an experiment was conducted by using Central Composite Design with two replications at the Research Field of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad during the growing season of 2017-2018. Treatments were determined based on low and high levels of plant density (10 and 15 plants.m-2, respectively) and cow manure (0 and 70 ton per ha-1, respectively). Studied traits were leaf area index, fresh weight of stem, fresh weight of leaves and total dried weight of peppermint. The full quadratic polynomial equation with interaction was tested. The results revealed that the highest observed and simulated amounts for fresh weight of leaves were related to 12.5 plants.m-2+35 ton cow manure per ha with 2417.84 and 1042.97 g.m- 2, respectively. The maximum value for total dried weight was obtained in 12.5 plants.m-2+ 35 ton manure per ha with 755.13 gm-2. With increasing in plant density and cow manure improved growth indices and shoot fresh weight of peppermint