ارزيابي تاثير تاريخ كاشت بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد دو رقم پابلند و پاكوتاه سياهدانه (Nigella sativa L.) در گلستان

Evaluation effect of planting date on yield and components yield of two cultivars of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) in Golestan province

ﺳﯿﺎهداﻧﻪ ).Nigella sativa L ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ دوﻟﭙﻪ و ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠـﻒ اﯾـﺮان رﺷـﺪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. آﮔﺎﻫﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐﺗﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ارﻗﺎم ﺳﯿﺎهداﻧﻪ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﯾﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا در اﯾﻦ ﻃﺮح ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ دو رﻗﻢ ﭘﺎﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﭘﺎﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﺳﯿﺎهداﻧﻪ در دو ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول و دوم آذر ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﮐﺸﺖ زراﻋﯽ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي و ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮد ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﺳﺎل 1397 در ﻣﺮزﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﺮﮔﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷ.ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺸﺖ و رﻗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﭙﺴﻮل در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﮐﭙﺴﻮل ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﺳﺎده روي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت )وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ( ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ از ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﻧﯿﻤﻪ آذر ﻣﺎه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن، ﻧﯿﻤﻪ اول آذر ﻣﺎه ﺑﻮده و رﻗﻢ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، از ﻧﻮع ﭘﺎﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

The black cumin (Nigella sativa L), is a dicotyledonous and annual medical plant that grows spontaneously in regions of Iran. Knowledge of the most suitable cultivation time for each cultivar has a significant impact on the quantity and quality of the products. In this literature, yields and morphological features of different black seed ecotypes (Short and long height cultivar) were measured and studied at different planting dates (in November and December). The experiment was conducted in as split plot based on completely randomized block design in autumn of 2018. The result indicates Interaction planting dates and cultivar, except for height, Number of capsules per plant and Number of seed per capsule had no significant effect on other traits (seed 1000 weight, seed and biological yield). The comparison of mean simple effects on other traits was significant. According the obtained results, crops planted in November was best planting date and Suitable cultivar for cultivation in Golestan province based on yield is long height cultivar.