ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ

Evaluation of different tillage methods on soil physical properties and growth characteristics of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﮕﻨﯽ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﺴﻬﯿﻞ در ﺧﺮوج ﻏﺪه ﻫﺎي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﯿﻤﺎرو 4 ﺗﮑﺮار در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﺪوآب در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ 1394-97 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان دار ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ 30- 25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﭘﺎﺋﯿﺰ + دﯾﺴﮏ و ﻣﺎﻟﻪ در ﺑﻬﺎر، ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﭼﯿﺰل ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ 30- 25 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﭘﺎﺋﯿﺰ+ دﯾﺴﮏ و ﻣﺎﻟﻪ در ﺑﻬﺎر، زﯾﺮﺷﮑﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ 40- 35 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ + ﺷﺨﻢﺎ ﺑ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪار در ﻋﻤﻖ 20- 15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮو ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪار ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ 20- 15 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ در ﭘﺎﺋﯿﺰ + دﯾﺴﮏ و ﻣﺎﻟﻪر درﺑ ﻬﺎ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك ﻧﺪاﺷﺘ.ﻨ ﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﯾﺸﻪ )47/56 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑ(ﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ زﯾﺮﺷﮑﻦ در ﻋﻤﻖ 35-40 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ+ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮدان دار و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪار در ﻋﻤﻖ 25-30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ )44/73 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ. ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ زﯾﺮﺷﮑﻦ+ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪار )0/866 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ ﺑﺮﮔﺮداﻧﺪار در ﻋﻤﻖ 25-30 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ )0/958 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻮد. در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ روش ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺷﺪه وﻟﯽ اﺛﺮ اﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﺎك ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ.

In order to study the effect of soil preparation methods on the uniform growth of sugar beet, and its effect on the machine harvesting and soil physical properties, a field experiment based on RCBD design with four treatment and four replication was established in west Azerbaijan agriculture and natural resources research center during three growing seasons of 2014-2017. Treatments were included mould board plowing at 15-20cm depth, mould board plowing at 25-30 cm depth, chisel plowing at 25-30 cm depth and sub soiling at 35-40 cm depth plus moldboard plowing at 20 depth. Results revealed that different tillage had no significant effect on soil physical properties. While, different tillage were significant on the growing equal, root lost in harvesting and root yield. The highest root yield belonged to second and forth treatment (44.73 and 47.56 t.ha-1, respectively). Also, the lowest root lost in harvesting was realated to second and forth treatment (0.866 and 0.958 t.ha-1, respectively). Overall, it was concluded that different tillage enhanced sugar beet growth characteristics and had little effect on soil physical properties.