ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي

Comparison of sugar beet planting mediums under salinity stress in greenhouse experiments

در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﻻزم اﺳﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺖ ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ راﺣﺘﯽ دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ و داﺷﺘﻦ ﺛﺒﺎت ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ در اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﻘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ در ﻏﺮﺑﺎﻟﮕﺮي ژرم ﭘﻼﺳﻢ ﺑﺘﻮان از آن ﻫﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﮐﺮج اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: 1( ﺧﺎك ﻟﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 5 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ، (2 ﭘﺮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﻮﮔﻠﻨﺪ، (3 آﺑﮑﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﮔﻠﻨﺪ، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )آب ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﻣﻨﻄ(ﻘﻪ و ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻮري ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 16 دﺳﯽ زﯾﻤﻨﺲ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮ و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﺳﻮم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺣﺴﺎس و ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ در ﺷﻮري ﺑﺮ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و ﮐﻞ، ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﻪ ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮ اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. در ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺧﺎك ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻮد، اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﺷﻮري در ﺧﺎك ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ اﻟﮑﺘﺮﯾﮑﯽ و ﺳﺪﯾﻢ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺧﺎك، ﺷﺶ و ﭘﺮﻟﯿﺖ ﺣﺪود دو ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﺷﻮر ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﺧﺎك ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺛﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺷﻮري در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. ﻣﺤﯿﻂ آﺑﮑﺸﺖ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار 3,31 ﮔﺮم در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻮد و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺷﻮري ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻟﯿﺖ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ اﻣﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف آب در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﭘﺮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﻮد.

It is necessary to determine suitable medium in greenhouse studies for screening germplasm, which is easily available, stable in terms of electrical conductivity and cost-effective. For this purpose, a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with four replications was conducted in SBSI research greenhouse in spring of 2017. The first factor was three planting media in combination with nutrition solution as follows: 1) loamy soil with about 5% organic matter, 2) perlite with Hoagland solution, 3) hydroponic environment with Hoagland solution. The second factor consisted of two levels of salinity including normal and salinity (16 dS/m) treatments and the third factor consisted of two sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Cross effects of medium and salinity were significant on total and shoot dry weights, P, K/Na. Cross effects of medium, salinity and genotypes were significant on most of the traits. Crop yields under salinity stress were less in soil in comparison to other mediums, also salinity had significant effect on soil EC and Na (P≤0.01), soil and perlite were salinized respectively 6 and 2 times in comparison to normal condition. Which shows that soil is not stable medium for salinity study in green house. The highest yield (3.31 g/p) was obtained from hydroponic. Yields achieved from hydroponic and perlit mediums were similar under salinity, but water consumption was more in hydroponic than perlit.