ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات اﻧﻮاع ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻨﺪم (Triticum aestivum L.) در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻫﻮاز

Influence of tillage practices on growth and development of root in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ahvaz

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﺷﺨﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻨﺪم در ﻧﻈﺎم ﮐﺸﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اي ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي، ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ژﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﻬﯿﺪ ﭼﻤﺮان اﻫﻮاز در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷ. ﺪ اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﯾﮑﺒﺎر ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺧﺎك ورزي در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﺷﺨﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف، ﺷﺨﻢ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﯽ )ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي( و ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي( اﻧﺠﺎم .ﺷ ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎت در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي رﺷﺪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻧﺒﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﻣﺘﻌﺎرف ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، در ﻃﺮﻓﯿﻦ )ﭼﭗ و راﺳﺖ(، رﺷﺪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي روﻧﺪي ﮐﺎﻫﺸﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﻣﺎ در ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ رﺷﺪ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ درﺷﺖ و رﯾﺰ در ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﮑﺮر از ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي و اﯾﺠﺎد ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك در ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ادوات ﺧﺎﮐﻮرزي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

A filed experiment was conducted at Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on the growth and development of wheat root in the basic wheat cultivation system in Khuzestan. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design keeping conventional tillage (CT), zero tillage (ZT), and minimum tillage (MT) with three replications. The results of experiments at the end of the study showed that most of the root growth parameters were not significant by tillage treatments. The maximum root length increased in the center under conventional tillage compared to zero tillage. However, on both sides (left and right), root growth showed a decreasing trend higher than that of tillage compared to minimum tillage. But in zero tillage, the increasing root growth was observed more than other treatments, which indicating increased in macro and micro- pores in the soil due to zero tillage and also lower soil compaction due to less use of tillage equipment.