ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم ﺗﺠﺎري ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن راﯾﺞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن

The effect of drought stress on yield of commercial bread wheat cultivars, commonly grown in Golestan province

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﻔﺖ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم آﺑﯽ و ﭘﻨﺞ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺠﺎري در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﮐﺸﺖ و ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ؛ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺼﻞ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ )زادوﮐﺲ 65( آﻏﺎز ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ، اﺣﺴﺎن، ﮐﻼﺗﻪ و ﺗﯿﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم آﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ارﻗﺎم دﯾﻢ ﺑﻮد. در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ارﻗﺎم اﺣﺴﺎن، ﮐﻼﺗﻪ، ﺗﯿﺮﮔﺎن و ﻣﻌﺮاج ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ارﻗﺎم دﯾﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻮس، آﻓﺘﺎب و ﮐﻮﻫﺪﺷﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ارﻗﺎم آﺑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن، ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ و ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﻣﺮوارﯾﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﻃﻮﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را داﺷﺖ؛ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ و ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ از ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ.

In this study, seven irrigated and five rainfed wheat cultivars that are commonly planted in Golestan province, were evaluated under normal moisture and terminal drought stress conditions. For this purpose, a split plot experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block (RBCD) design with three replications. Imposing stress was initiated at anthesis stage (Zadoks 65). The results showed that under normal moisture conditions the highest yield was related to Morvarid, Ehsan, Kalateh, and Tirgan cultivars and the yield of irrigated cultivars were greater than rainfed cultivars. However, Ehsan, Kalateh, Tirgan and Meraj cultivars had the highest yield under terminal drought conditions. The yield of some rainfed cultivar such as Qabus, Aftab and Kuhdasht were greater than some irrigated wheat cultivars including Mehrgan, Morvarid and Gonbad. Due to the fact that Morvarid cultivar had the highest grain yield under normal moisture conditions, can be prevented to a significant decrease in grain yield using complementary irrigation at anthesis stage and grain filling period.