ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان

The effect of heat stress on some wheat accessions of National Plant Gene Bank of Iran

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ در ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان، 256 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 94-95 در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ آﮔﻤﻨﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﯿﺮ در ﮐﺸﺖ اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ و ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي آﻣﺎري ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ و اﻧﺤﺮاف ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﺗﻤﺎم ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺖ وزن داﻧﻪ 5 ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و 24 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و 13 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ داراي وزن داﻧﻪ 5 ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ اي در ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮوه از ﯾﮑﺪﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از وﺟﻮد ﺗﻨﻮع ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪ در ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮد و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ در ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﺎﻧﮏ ژن ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻠﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﻤﻮد.

In order to identify heat stress tolerant accessions in wheat collection of national plant gene bank of Iran, during the years 94-95, 256 accessions and 3 current cultivars of Khuzestan were planted as an augmented experimental design under normal and heat stress conditions in Agricultural and Natural Resources research center of Khuzestan. Heat stress was created using late planting. Some agronomical and phenological traits were recorded. Comparing statistical indices of these traits under normal and stress conditions showed that mean and standard deviation of all the traits decreased under stress conditions. The highest reduction in mean of traits was observed for grain weight of 5 spikes and 24 accessions under normal conditions and 13 accessions under stress conditions were better than control cultivars for the mentioned trait. Furthermore, cluster analysis categorized the accessions into five groups based on studied traits. Overall, the results of the current research besides identifying heat tolerant accessions, indicated that there is a valuable variation among the studied accessions.