ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﮐﻤﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي وﺣﺸﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of wild alfalfa genotypes under drought stress

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﺮآورد ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﻪﻧﮋادي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﺑﺎزدﻫﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از اﻧﺘﺨﺎب اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮوهﺑﻨﺪي 10 ﺗﻮده ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺮﺗﺮ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻮد. از اﯾﻦ رو 4 واﺣﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻮده اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﺷﺪ و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﺰا در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ و ﺧﻔﯿﻒ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﻣﺠﺰا ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺷﺎﺧﻪ، ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺑﺮگ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮه در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﻃﻮل ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮه، ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ آب ﺑﺮگ و آﻧﺰﯾﻢ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﺎت ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﺑﻪ روش Ward رﻗﻢ اﺻﻼحﺷﺪه ﻧﯿﮑﺸﻬﺮي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي 163،207، 119،157،127،65 و 2 در ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه و ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎي 130 و 175 در ﮔﺮوه دوم ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﯾﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽﻫﺎ، ﮔﺮوه دو ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ارﻗﺎم ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ را در ﺑﺮدارﻧﺪ.

Estimation of genetic diversity of traits in plant breeding programs is important and with increasing genetic diversity in a society, selection efficiency increases. The aim of this study was to group 10 alfalfa stands and introduce superior stands for physiological and some morphological traits under drought stress conditions. Therefore, 4 experimental units per replicate were assigned to each plots and the experiment was carried out as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with three replications in severe and mild drought stress conditions. Analysis of variance showed significant differences at 1% level for all traits except for branch number, leaf area and internode number at two levels of drought stress, internode length, leaf relative water content and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme. According to Ward's cluster analysis, the modified Nikkehri cultivar with 163,207, 119,157,127,65 and 2 clusters were in one group and 130 and 175 in the second cluster. Based on these evaluations, group two, based on the traits evaluated, included appropriate genotypes for crossing to produce drought tolerant cultivars.