ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﺎﮐﺘﻮس ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي Opuntia ficus- indica ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﮐﺮﻣﺎن

Evaluation of yield and some traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus- indica) under drought stress in Kerman region

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﺎﮐﺘﻮس ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي Opuntia ficus- indica)( در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت دو ﺳﺎل )1395-1396( در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ آﺑﺎد ارزوﺋﯿﻪ ﮐﺮﻣﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷ.ﺪ در ﺳﺎل اول ﺳﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻧﺮﻣﺎل، ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دور آﺑﯿﺎري 10، 14 و 19 روز ﺑﻮد. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در ﺳﺎل دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ، ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس دور آﺑﯿﺎري ،14 و19 24 روز ﺑ.ﻮد در ﺳﺎل اول ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. در ﺳﺎل دوم ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭘﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺪ، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﭘﺪ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ وزن ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﭘﺪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﻮد. در ﺳﺎل دوم ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ 53/9 و 4/69 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را داﺷﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار ADF NDF ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 26/5و 19 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮐﻢ و ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﮐﺘﻮس در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ آب و ﺑﺎ دور آﺑﯿﺎري 15 روز در ﺳﺎل اول و دور آﺑﯿﺎري 20 ﺗﺎ 25 روز از ﺳﺎل دوم ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ و در ﻓﺼﻮل ﮔﺮم ﺳﺎل ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد.

In order to evaluation the yield and some traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus- indica L.) under drought stress conditions, a completely randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted for two years in, Kerman, Iran. In the first year, three drought stress treatments including normal irrigation, low and moderate drought stress were based on irrigation intervals of 10, 14 and 19 days, respectively. Drought stress treatments in the second year included low, moderate and severe drought stress based on 14, 19 and 24 days irrigation intervals, respectively. In the first year, there was no significant difference between drought stress treatments for forage yield. In the second year, the highest number of pads per plant, pad diameter, pad length and pad width, and fresh and dry weight of pad belonged to low drought stress and the lowest amounts of this traits belonged to severe drought stress. In second year, low drought stress with 53.9 and 4.69 t/ ha fresh and dry forage, respectively had the highest yield. NDF and ADF values of forage were 26.5 and 19%, respectively. The highest amount of nitrogen in dry forage belonged to low and moderate drought stress, respectively.