ارزيابي مقاومت به نماتد سيستي (Heterodera schachtii) و برآورد پارامترهاي ژنتيكي صفات در ژنوتيپ هاي چغندرقند

Evaluation of resistance to cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) and estimation of traits genetic parameters in sugar beet genotypes

ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺧﺴﺎرت آﻓﺎت و ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺖ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻫﺪف از ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ واﮐﻨﺶ 37 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺖ و ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻮد. ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﯽ و ﺑﺪون ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﯾﺎﺳﻮج اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ، ﺻﻔﺎت وزن، ﻃﻮل و ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، وزن ﺗﺮ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻃﻮﻗﻪ، وزن ﻗﻨﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻرو در ﺧﺎك اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪﺟﺰ وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ و ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﯿﭽﮑﺪام از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﻧﺸﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭙﻬﺎي ﺗﻮﮐﺎن، ﭘﺎرس، ﺳﺎﮐﺎرا، ﻗﺰﯾﺮا و آﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ ﻣﻘﺎومﺗﺮﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮاﯾﺐ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﻓﻨﻮﺗﯿﭙﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻻرو و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﻮد. ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ )ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 67/41 درﺻﺪ( را داﺷﺖ.ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻬﺮه ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺖ وزن رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 54/26 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

Sugar beet production is affected by the damage of various pests and diseases, including cyst nematode. The purpose of this study was to evaluate response of 37 sugar beet genotypes to cyst nematode and to estimate genetic parameters of important sugar beet traits. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of Yasouj University. Sugar beet genotypes were evaluated under cyst nematode inoculated and non-inoculated conditions. At the end of the growing season, some important traits including weight, length and diameter root, plant fresh weight, crown height, plant height, sugar weight, and number of nematode larvae in soilwere measured. The results showed that the effect of genotype was significant for the all measured traits except for plant fresh weight, while the effect of nematode was significant only for plant height. The interaction of genotype and nematode was nosignificant for all the measured traits. In general, Toka, Pars, Sakara, Ghazira and Antic genotypes were more resistance to cyst nematode. The highest and lowest coefficient of phenotypic and genetic variation were observed for the number of larvae and plant fresh weight, respectively. Plant height had the highest broad sense heritability (67.39%). The highest genetic gain (54.26) was observed for root weight. The results of this research can be used in sugar beet breeding programs.