ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ارﻗﺎم و ﻻﯾﻦ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻨﺪم ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ زﺧﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم

Evaluation of wheat cultivars and lines of Khuzestan to root lesion nematode

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻘﺎم اول ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم را در ﮐﺸﻮر دارد. ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎي زﺧﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ )Pratylenchus spp. از ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎي اﻧﮕﻞ ﻣﻬـﻢ ﻏﻼت ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﯾـﻊ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ P. neglectus P. thorneiدر 38 درﺻﺪ ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم و ﺟـﻮ اﺳـﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳـﺘﺎن وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪﻫﺎ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ روﺷﻬﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ رود. ﻋﮑﺲ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ 42 رﻗﻢ و ﻻﯾﻦ ﮔﻨﺪم اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﭼﻬﺎر ﻻﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﺣﺴﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻓﻮق ﻣﻮرد آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺬور ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زده ﮔﻨﺪم در داﺧﻞ ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ 3 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ ﺣﺎوي ﻣﺎﺳﻪ، ﺧﺎك ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ و ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ ﺳﺘﺮون ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ 70:29:1 ﮐﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﯾﮏ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از واﺣﺪﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 400 ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ از ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ از دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ، در 7 ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ ﻣـﺪت 9 ﻫﻔﺘـﻪ در ﺣـﺮارت 25 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯿﮕﺮاد ﺑﺎ 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻧﻮر و ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺘﻨﺎوب در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﭘﺮوﺗﮑـﻞ ﺳـﯿﻤﯿﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻬﺮﻗﻢ ﻫﺎي ﮐﻮﯾﺮ، ﺑﻬﺮﻧﮓ، دﻧﺎ، ﮐﺮﺧﻪ و اﺳﺘﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﺎﺗﺪ از ﺧﻮد ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ.

Khuzestan province has the first rank of wheat production inIran. Root-Lesion Nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are a major group of plant parasitic nematodes and two common species ,Pratylenchusthornei and P. neglectus, are distributed in 38% of wheat fields of Khuzestan province. The use of resistant and tolerant varieties of wheat to RLN is the most important management practices. Reaction of 42 wheat lines and cultivars of Khuzestan province with 4 resistant and susceptible linechecks were tested to P. thornei and P. neglectus in greenhouse condition. Germinated seeds of each genotype were sown in polyethylene tubs with 3 cm diameter including sand, field soil and organic materialv/v1:29:70. Each sample tubes was inoculated with 400 nematodes after one week and maintained under greenhouse conditionsat 25°C with 12 hours light and dark alternatively. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete design with seven replications. Nine weeks after the inoculation, root and soil nematodes were extracted.Assessment was carried out based on CIMMYT's protocol. The results showed that Kavir, Behrang, Dena, Karkhe and Star cultivars were resistant to both species nematodes.