ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ در ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي اوﺗﺎﯾﭗ ﭼﻐﻨﺪر ﻗﻨﺪ

Evaluation of Rhizomania Disease Resistance in Sugar Beet Autotype Lines

ﺑﯿﻤﺎري وﯾﺮوﺳﯽ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺟﺰو ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي زﻧﺪه اﯾﻦ زراﻋﺖ در اﯾﺮان ﺑـﻪ ﺣﺴـﺎب ﻣـﯽ آﯾـﺪ . اﻓـﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣـﺖ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ارﻗﺎم در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺴﺎرت اﺳﺖ. ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎي اوﺗﺎﯾﭗ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺟﺰاء رﻗـﻢ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾـﺪ ﻣﻮﻧﻮژرم ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺎدري ﯾﺎ ﺳﯿﻨﮕﻞ ﮐﺮاس ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ دارﻧـﺪ . در اﯾـﻦ ﭘـ ﺮوژه ﺗﻌـﺪاد 57 ﻻﯾـﻦ اوﺗﺎﯾـﭗ ﻣﻨﻮژرم ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻏﺮﺑﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻟﯽ واﺟﺪ ژن ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﭼﻬـﺎر ﺗﮑـﺮار در ﺳـﺎل 1397 ﻣـﻮرد ارزﯾـﺎﺑﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻦﻫﺎ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﯾﺸﻪ، درﺻﺪ ﻗﻨﺪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻗﻨﺪ، ﺷـﺪت آﻟـﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑـﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿـﺎ ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮم رﯾﺸﻪ، رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ و ﻧﻤﺮه رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣـﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮐﻠﯿـﻪ ﺻـﻔﺎت اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺻﻔﺎت ﺷﺪت آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ، ﯾﮑﻨﻮاﺧﺘﯽ و ﻓﺮم رﯾﺸﻪ، رﻧﮓ ﺑﺮگ و ﻧﻤﺮه رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮگ اوﺗﺎﯾﭗ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻤﺎره 34086، 34137، 34097، 34138، 34082 و 34133ﺑﺮﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

Rhizomania is considered as one of the most important stresses for sugar beet in Iran. Increasing genetic resistance of cultivars to this disease is the most effective way to reduce damage. Otype lines are one of the most important components of the sugar beet monogarm hybrid that play an important role in the preparation of maternal or single cross base. In this project, 57 sugar beet otype lines that were screened by a molecular marker with resistance to rhizomania were evaluated with four control cultivars in a randomized complete block design with four replications in 2018. The studied traits included root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, severity of Rhizomania infection, uniformity and root form, leaf color and leaf growth score. The results showed that there was a significant difference between genotypes for all traits at 1% probability level. Based on the characteristics of severity of Rhizomania infection, uniformity and root shape, leaf color and leaf growth score of Otypes 34086, 34137, 34097, 34138, 34082 and 34133 were superior.