ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺬر آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﻣﯿﺰان آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﮔﺎزﻫﺎي آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﺗﺮاﮐﺘﻮر

Investigation of the Role of Sunflower Seed Shell on Germination Damage Affected by Tractor Pollutants

ﮐﺸﺎورزي اﻣﺮوز ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯿﺰه ﺷﺪن ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ورود ﻣﺎﺷﯿﻦ آﻻت در ﻣﺰارع و در ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ، آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ.ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ آﻻﯾﻨﺪه ﻫﺎي دود اﮔﺰوز ﺗﺮاﮐﺘﻮر ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﻔﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ زﻣﺎنﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ و ﺣﺬف ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮي در ﻗﻮه ﻧﺎﻣﯿﻪ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ. ﺣﺬف ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﺬر، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري و ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﺧﻄﯽ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﻨﺪ. در واﻗﻊ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺣﺬف ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه و در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ 1/59 روز ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺪود %22 درﺻﺪ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺘﺮ از ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي داراي ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﮔﯿﺎهﭼﻪ )2884/11( در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزده در ﻫﻮاي ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺬرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 60 و 90 دﻗﯿﻘﻪ در ﻣﻌﺮض آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از دود ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺣﺪود % 39 و %52 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ.

Conventional agriculture is going to be more and more mechanization. However, due to higher machinery in the fields the, fossil fuel consumption and it pollution is higher. In order to investigate the effects of pollutant gases from tractor exhaust a factorial experiment was conducted based on the randomized complete design in three replication.Results showed that all seeds completed their germination under various time of exposure to exhaust smoke and seed coat removal did not affects seed viability. Seed coat removal exhibited a significant effect with linear increase in seed germination rate. The minimum time required to complete seed germination in coatless seeds was obtained in fresh air (1.59 day) which was 22% faster than normal seeds. The highest seed vigor (2884.11) was also obtained from seeds germinated in fresh air which was 39% and 52% lower than seeds germinated in 60 and 90 exhaust smoke, respectively.