ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ در ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﺣﯿﺎت ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ و ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ذرت در منطقه كرج

Evaluation of depletion of non-renewable resources and land use change by life cycle assessment of Corn grain and Corn stover production system in the Karaj area

ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻏﯿﺮﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺠﺪﯾﺪ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ ذرت و ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ذرت در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮج ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، دو ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ: ذرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮاي داﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﺪون اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ آن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﻮد )CRN( )ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ( و ذرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ذرت CSR)( )ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ( ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ )CSR( ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ذرت و داﻧﻪ ذرت ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ درﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ CRN ﺗﻨﻬﺎ داﻧﻪ ذرت اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻪ در ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﺎل 1395-1390 ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ ذرت و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﯿﺎز داﺧﻠﯽ روز اﻓﺰون ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﻃﯿﻮر، ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ دام و ﻣﺼﺎرف ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ؛ و ﺑﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﺮج ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﻮع اﻗﻠﯿﻢ و ﻧﺰدﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﺘﺨﺖ و وﺟﻮد اﻣﮑﺎﻧﺎت ﻻزم ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺖ ذرت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋﯾﮏ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻬﻢ، از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ روش ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ )LCA( ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ،ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻗﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﻪ 0/5 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﯾﮏ ﺗﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ذرت ﻧﯿﺎز ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﯿﮑﻪ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻧﻮﻟﯿﺪ داﻧﻪ ذرت اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻄﻮر ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار زﻣﯿﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﺼﺎرف از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺣﯿﺎت وﺣﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد و ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻬﺎي ﻓﺴﯿﻠﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ دارﻧﺪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻓﺴﻔﺎت اﺧﺘﺼﺎص دارد.

The present study is an evaluation of depletion of non-renewable resources and land use in corn grain and corn stover production system in Karaj area. In this study, two crop systems were used: corn produced for grain without harvest of stover (CRN) (grain production system) and corn stover harvesting (CSR) (stover production system). The crops in the CSR system are corn grain and corn stover, whereas the crop in the CRN system is the only corn grain. That has been investigated in the period 2011-2016. Considering the importance of corn cultivation and the growing domestic demand for this product in the four sectors of human nutrition, poultry nutrition, livestock nutrition and industrial use; an‎d the Karaj area, due to its climate and proximity to the capital and the potential for corn cultivation, can be investigate as a strategic area for this important crop through the most accurate Environmental Assessment (LCA) method. In this study, approximately 0.5 hectares of land is required per ton of corn stover, while this amount is significantly higher in the corn grain system. This amount of land will not be used for other uses, including wildlife. Fossil fuel depletion in both production systems will have the greatest impact on environmental conditions, and then the most depletion amount was shown in phosphate resources.