اﺛﺮ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن

Effect of Seed Priming with Different Compounds on Dryland Wheat Yield

ﮔﻨﺪم ).Triticum aestivum L از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت زراﻋﯽ در ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽرود و 22 درﺻﺪ از ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ در ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺮﺑﻮط اﺳﺖ. اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬر ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻏﺬاي ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ روﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ، ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﮐﻢ ﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1397-98 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺮ روي ﺑﺬور ﮔﻨﺪم رﻗﻢ آذر 2 در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، وﯾﺘﺎﺳﭙﺮﯾﻦ )1 ﮔﺮم در ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(، ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ )ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ(، اوره )دو درﺻﺪ( و ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي )0/6 درﺻﺪ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ و اوره ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ را ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 67/29 و 57/34 درﺻﺪاﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دﻫﻨﺪ.ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﮐﻠﺮﯾﺪ، ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎت روي، اوره و وﯾﺘﺎﺳﭙﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم را ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 36/58، 29/08، 22/83 و 22/54 درﺻﺪﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ دادﻧﺪ.ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ از ﭘﺮاﯾﻢ ﺑﺬور ﺑﺎ اوره ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ ﮐﻪ 24/44 درﺻﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد.

Wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) is one of the most important crops and account for 22 percent of total worldwide cultivated area. In Iran, most of cultivated dryland wheat is in Kurdistan province. Priming is a reasonable, appropriate and low cost solutions for increase production to meet growing population demand. This study was carried out in the research farm of University of Kurdistan during 2018-2019 season. The experiment was conducted on wheat seeds of Azar 2 cultivar based on randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The priming treatments were consisted of control, vitaspirin (1g.L-1), potassium chloride(1 %), urea (2 %) and zinc sulfate (0.6 %).The highest ear number was obtained in potassium chloride and urea priming treatments, which increased the ear per square meter by 67.29% and 57.34%, respectively. Priming the seeds with potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, urea and vitaspirin increased the 1000 seed weight by 36.58%, 29.08%, 22.83% and 22.54%, respectively.The highest grain yieldwas obtained from seed priming with urea which increased grain yield by 24.44 % in compare to control treatment.