اثر تيمارهاي مختلف در شكستن خواب و تحريك جوانه زني بذر علف هرز سرشكافته ( Cephalaria (syriaca

Effects of different treatments on breaking seed dormancy and inducing germination of Cephalaria syriaca

ﺳﺮﺷﮑﺎﻓﺘﻪ از ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﺰارع ﮔﻨﺪم اﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه، اﯾﻼم و ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﺛﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات، ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل، اﺳﯿﺪﯾﺘﻪ و ﻋﻤﻖ دﻓﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﺎﺗﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﮑﺮار در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در ﺳﺎل 1395 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر ﺳﺮﺷﮑﺎﻓﺘﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات ﭘﺘﺎﺳﯿﻢ و ﭘﻠﯽ اﺗﯿﻠﻦ ﮔﻼﯾﮑﻮل درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ در7=pH دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪ، ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﺳﺮﺷﮑﺎﻓﺘﻪ در داﻣﻨﻪي وﺳﯿﻌﯽ ازpH ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪpH ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺬر اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز ﺳﺮ ﺷﮑﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮي در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ داﺷﺖ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﺷﺨﻢ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮔﻨﺪم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد، ﭼﻮن ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺨﺶ زﯾﺎدي از ﺑﺬور اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮز در اﻋﻤﺎق ﺧﺎك دﻓﻦ ﺷﺪه و ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن ﻧﺨﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد.

Cephalaria syriaca is one of the most important weeds in wheat farms of Kermanshah, Ilam and Lorestan provinces. An experiment was conducted in order to identify the germination properties and determine the effects of potassium nitrate, polyethylene glycol, acidity and burial depth on seed germination of this weed in a completely randomized design with 4 replications at the Research Laboratory of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Razi University in 2016. Germination percentage decreased with increase in concentration of potassium nitrate and polyethylene glycol. Although the highest germination percentage was observed at pH = 7, but germination behaviour of Cephalaria syriaca seeds at a wide range of pH indicated that pH could not be a limiting factor for seed germination. Results also showed that the germination of Cephalaria syriaca at the soil surface had the highest rate, therefore deep plowing before planting wheat is one of the most effective methods to control Cephalaria syriaca because seed go to buried in depth of soil and it will not be able to germinate.