پاسخ فيتوشيميايي و مورفولوژيكي سرخارگل Echinacea purpurea به كودهاي كربنه

Phytochemical and morphological response of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) to Carbon fertilizers

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮﮔﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و اﺗﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ و اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﻋﺼﺎره ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﺮﺧﺎرﮔﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396 و 1397 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮑﺪه داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺧﻮراﺳﮕﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و اﺗﺎﻧﻮل در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ 0، 20 و 40 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل و اﺗﺎﻧﻮل ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ )ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮ(ل اﺛﺮ ﮐﻤﺘﺮي در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﺮﺧﺎرﮔﻞ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي اﺗﺎﻧﻮل و ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮي ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه ﺳﺮﺧﺎرﮔﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾ. ﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﺮﺑﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪي ﻓﻼوﻧﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﻓﻨﻞ و آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪان ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ ﺳﺮﺧﺎرﮔﻞ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ اﯾﻦ دو ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﻟﮑﻠﯽ اﺗﺎﻧﻮل 40 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺆﺛﺮﺗﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻟﯿﺴﺘﺮﯾﺎ و اﺷﺮﺷﯿﺎﮐﻼي و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﻟﮑﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل 20 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺛﺮ ﮐﺸﻨﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي اﺷﺮﺷﯿﺎﮐﻼي ﺷﺪ.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar application of methanol and ethanol on growth, yield, secondary metabolites and effect of degradation of extract of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.) on bacteria, compound analysis was carried out in a factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two years of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch. The spraying concentration of methanol and ethanol were applied at 0, 20 and 40% volumetric levels. In most of the traits, although, on average, methanol and ethanol treatments alone had less effect on improving agronomic characteristics and yield of purple coneflower but the results obtained from the interactions of two treatments indicated that a combination of ethanol and Methanol more effectively. Also, carbonate treatments increased the secondary metabolites of flavonoids, phenol and antioxidants compared to controls in purple coneflower. The interactions of these two treatments more effectively increased the amount of secondary metabolites. 40% ethanol alcohol treatment significantly increased the effect of degradation on Listeria and Escherichia coli bacteria more effectively than other treatments. 20% methanol alcohol treatment increased the lethal effect on Escherichia coli.