بررسي خصوصيات سطح اندام هاي زايشي گياهان زراعي چچم (Lolium spp.) و علف بره (Festuca spp.)از تيره غلات در ايران

Studying surface feastures of repr oductive parts of two forage crop: Lolium spp. and Festuca spp. (Poaceae) in Iran

ﺳﺮده Lolium ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﭼﭽﻢ و Festuca ﺑﺎ ﻧﺎم ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺑﺮه از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﯿﺮه ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آﻧﻬﺎ ارزش ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي داﺷﺘﻪ و ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺧﻮﺑﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨ.ﺪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﭽﻢ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻤﺎل و ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺑﺮه در ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﻪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺶ دارﻧ.ﺪ در ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﺳﻄﺢ اﻧﺪاﻣﻬﺎي زاﯾﺸﯽ 6 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از دو ﺳﺮده ﻓﻮق در اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﺳﮑﻮپ اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯽ ﻧﮕﺎره ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Lolium temulentum ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ از ﻣﻮم و ﺳﻠﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺳﯿﻠﯿﺴﯽ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻮﺷﻪ و ﭘﻮﺷﯿﻨﻪ داراﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺮزي ﺳﻤﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮاي دام ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺳﯿﻠﯿﺲ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮ اﺳﺖ و اﯾﻦ ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺧﻮﺷﺨﻮراك ﺑﻮدن آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي دام ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Lolium and Festuca as elements of Poaceae have forage value and show good adaptation to different environmental conditions. Members of the genus Lolium are distributed to almost all parts of Iran, especially in the north and northwest, and species of Festuca are distributed in the mountains and temperate regions. In the present study, the surface features of reproductive parts of 6 species of these two genera were studied by use of Scanning Electron Microscope. Results showed that Lolium temulentum has a high density of wax and silica bodies at the lemma and palea surface. This plant is a toxic weed and recorded as dangerous for livestock. In other species studied, a low density of silica bodies was observed; this in turn caused it palatable for livestock