بررسي خصوصيات جوانه زني و رشد گياهچه گاودانه (Vicia ervilia L.) تحت تأثير غرقابي

Evaluation of germination and seedling growth properties of ervil (Vicia ervilia L.) under flooding

ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈــﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ اﺛــﺮ ﻏﺮﻗـﺎﺑﯽ در ﻣﺮاﺣــﻞ اوﻟﯿــﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧــﻪ زﻧـﯽ و رﺷــﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽــﻪ ﮔﺎوداﻧــﻪ دو آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺑــﺮروي ﺑــﺬور اﯾــﻦ ﮔﯿــﺎه در ﺳــﺎل 1398 اﻧﺠــﺎم ﮔﺮﻓــﺖ. آزﻣــﻮن اول ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ 3 ،2 ،1 و 4 روز ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ از اﺑﺘــﺪاي ﺷــﺮوع ﺟﻮاﻧــﻪ زﻧــﯽ و ﺗﯿﻤــﺎر ﺑــﺪون ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ)ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑــﺮ روي ﺑــﺬور درون ﭘﺘﺮﯾــﺪﯾﺶ اﻋﻤــﺎل و ﺧﺼﻮﺻــﯿﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧــﻪ زﻧــﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳــﯽ ﺷــﺪﻧﺪ. در آزﻣــﻮن دوم ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫــﺎي 3 ،2 ،1 و 4 روز ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ از ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻــﻠﻪ ﭘــﺲ از ﮐﺎﺷــﺖ ﺑــﺬور و ﺗﯿﻤــﺎر ﺑــﺪون ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ )ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ( درون ﻣﺎﺳﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳـﯽ ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ اﺛـﺮ ﻏﺮﻗـﺎﺑﯽ ﺑـﺮ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧـﻪ زﻧـﯽ و رﺷـﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽــﻪ اﺛــﺮات ﻣﻨﻔــﯽ ﻣﻌﻨــﯽ داري داﺷــﺖ. در 4 روز ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ ﺻــﻔﺎت درﺻــﺪ ﺑــﺬور ﺟﻮاﻧــﻪ زده و ﺳــﺮﻋﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧــﻪ زﻧــﯽ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﯿــﺐ 5/47 و 12/27 درﺻــﺪ ﮐــﺎﻫﺶ داﺷــﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑــﺎ اﻓــﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣــﺪت ﻏﺮﻗــﺎﺑﯽ در ﻣﺮاﺣــﻞ اوﻟﯿــﻪ رﺷــﺪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ اﯾـﻦ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ و در 4 روز ﻏﺮﻗـﺎﺑﯽ ﻣﻘـﺎدﯾﺮ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺑـﺬور ﺳـﺒﺰ ﺷـﺪه، ﻃـﻮل ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﻃــﻮل رﯾﺸــﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸــﮏ ﺳــﺎﻗﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸــﮏ رﯾﺸــﻪ ﺑــﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿــﺐ ﻧﺴــﺒﺖ ﺑــﻪ ﺷــﺎﻫﺪ 10/8 ، 22/8 55/6 ، 24/6 ، و 35/5درﺻﺪ، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

In order to investigate the effect of flooding in early stages of germination and seedling growth of ervi were conducted two experiments on the seeds of this plant in 2019. The first experiment consisted of 1, 2, 3 and 4 days waterlogging from the beginning of germination and no-flooding treatment (control) on the seeds within petri-dish and the germination characteristics were evaluated. In the second experiment, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days flooding treatments were applied immediately after planting the seeds and no flooded (control) treatments in the sand and seedling growth was evaluated. The results showed that flooding had a significant negative effect on germination and seedling growth. At 4 days flooding, germination percentage and germination rate traits decreased 5.47% and 12.27% to control, respectively. By increasing the flooding duration in the early stages of seedling growth decreased these traits and at 4 days of flooding, the number of seed emergence, stem length, root length, stem dry weight and root dry weight were decreased 10.8, 22.8%, 55.6%, 24.6% and 35.5% to control, respectively.