تأثير كاربرد برگي ساليسيليك اسيد بر صفات بيوشيميايي و عملكرد گندم ماكاروني ( Triticum durum (L. در شرايط تنش خشكي

Effect of salicylic acid on biochemical traits, enzyme activity and yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) under drought stress

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﺎﮐﺎروﻧﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﻄﻠﻮب و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ از اﺑﺘﺪاي ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﺮي ﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ، ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺻﻔﺮ، 3،2،1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر و ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﺎﮐﺎروﻧﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺒﺮﻧﮓ، ﺑﻬﺮﻧﮓ و ﯾﺎواروس ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﻓﺼﻞ، ارﻗﺎم و ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺮ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 3 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 14 و 15 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع در رﻗﻢ ﯾﺎواروس ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 3 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻣﻮﻻر ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺴﯿﻠﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 13 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺖ.

In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on biochemical properties and yield of durum wheat cultivars under drought stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted as factorial based on complete randomized design with three replicates. Treatments included of drought stress in two levels of normal irrigation and drought stress at the beginning of the milking stage, and salicylic acid at 0, 1, 2, and 3 mM and three different durum wheat cultivars consisted of Shabrang, Behrang and Yavaros. The results showed that the late season drought stress, cultivar and salicylic acid had significant effect on peroxidase and catalase enzyme activities and grain yield. Drought stress and salicylic acid had a significant effect on peroxidase and catalase enzymes and application of 3 mM salicylic acid caused 14 and 15% increase compared to no application of salicylic acid, respectively. Finally, foliar application of 3 mM salicylic acid increased peroxidase and catalase enzymes activity compared to no application of salicylic acid and increased 13% grain yield of Yavaros cultivar.