The Effect of ZnO/CNT and NiO/SiO2 Nanofluids on the Viscosity and Interfacial Tension Reduction of Heavy Oil for Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

فاقد چكيده فارسي

New ZnO/CNT and their hydrophilic functionalized with oleic acid and amine nanocomposites as ecofriendly water-based nanofluids have been used for the reduction of viscosity of 402 cP at 80 °C of Soroush heavy oil field. NiO/SiO2 nanocomposites was synthesized by co-precipitation-hydrothermal methods which was also used for reduction of interfacial tension (IFT) and surface tension (S.T) which was investigated for the same heavy oil sample containing 1310 cP viscosity in ambient temperature. In addition, we also considered some key factors such as various wt% concentrations, pH, aging time, salinity containing mixing or absent of it, in distilled and Caspian Sea waters according to the special conditions of reservoir for ZnO/CNT nanocomposites. We also produced novel full energetic hydrophilic and eco-friendly NiO/SiO2 nanocomposites with smart surface modifications through the polydimethylsiloxane and polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000). The results showed that new modified nanocomposites could change the wettability of oil-wet carbonate rock to water-wet condition and reduce IFT measured by du Noüy ring method for the nanofluid/oil system dominantly. 30 wt% NiO/SiO2 smart nanofluid decreased the IFT to 1.28 mN/m, whereas, 28 wt% Fe@ NiO/SiO2 was indicated less than 1 mN/m comparison with 29.02 mN/m as a reference. ZnO/CNT-COOH and ZnO/CNT-Amine in distilled water showed 50.15 and 33.74 Cp, respectively. While the viscosity reduced to 26.08 cP by ZnO/CNT-COOH nanofluids in Caspian Sea water against 402 cP at 80°C as a reference without inducing any pressure, temperature and harmful chemical solvents. High electrostatic interaction, intermolecular barriers and strong diffusion are very significant.