اﺛﺮ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮔﻼﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﺋﯿﻦ در ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ

Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on Yield, yield components and Glycinebetaine content in Dryland wheat

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮔﻼﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮐﺮدﺳﺘﺎن اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿـﺎري دﯾﻢ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﯾﮋاو، ﻫﻤﺎ، اوﺣـﺪي، آذر 2 و ﺳـﺮداري ( ﺑـﻮد . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾـﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ و اﺛﺮ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳـﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑـﻊ ﻣﻌﻨـﯽ دار ﺑـﻮد ارﻗﺎم رﯾﮋاو، ﻫﻤﺎ و اوﺣﺪي واﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ارﻗﺎم آذر2 و ﺳﺮداري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. وزن داﻧﻪ ﺑـﺎﻻﺗﺮ و ﺗﻌـﺪاد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان اﺟﺰاي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﻦ وزن ﻫـﺰار داﻧﻪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ داﺷﺖ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﮔﻼﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﺋﯿﻦ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻠـﯽ ﺑـﻮد و ارﻗـﺎم ﺳـﺮداري، آذر2 و ﻫﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮔﻼﯾﺴﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﺎﺋﯿﻦ را در ﺑﯿﻦ ارﻗﺎم دارا ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.

In order to investigate the effect of supplemental irrigation on yield and its components, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of two levels of irrigation (dryland and supplementl irrigation). The second factor consisted of five dryland wheat cultivars (Rijaw, Homa, Awhadi, Azar2 and Sardari). Analysis of variance showed that the effect of stress and cultivar on grain yield, biological yield, 1000-grain weight and spike number.m-2 were significant. Rijaw, Homa and Awhadi cultivars had better response to supplemental irrigation than Azar 2 and Sardari cultivars. Higher grain weight and higher spike number.m-2 were introduced as effective components for higher yield gain under dryland conditions. There was a significant negative correlation between 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike. Grain yield had a positive and significant correlation with biological yield in rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. The amount of glycinebetaine under dryland treatment was significantly higher than supplementl irrigation treatment. Sardari, Azar 2 and Homa cultivars also had the highest amount of glycinebetaine among the cultivars.