ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻟﭻ و روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه روﻏﻨﯽ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان Helianthus annuus L

The effect of mulch types and different methods of planting on morphological characteristics of Sunflower Oil (Helianthus annuus L.)

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻟﭻ و روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎه روﻏﻨﯽ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ).Helianthus annuus L در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ اﻫﻮاز، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396-97 در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻟﭻ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﮐﺎه و ﮐﻠﺶ ﮔﻨﺪم، ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ، ﻣﺎش، ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﻣﺸﮑﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر دوم اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ در ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ )ﮐﺸﺖ درون ﺟﻮي، ﮐﺸﺖ روي ﭘﺸﺘﻪ و روي ﺳﻄﺢ ﺻﺎف( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﻮاع ﻣﺎﻟﭻ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﺳﻄﻮح اﻟﮕﻮي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻌﺪاد و وزن ﮐﻞ ﺑﺮگ، وزن ﮐﻞ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، اﻧﺪازه ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ و ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﺸﺖ روي ﭘﺸﺖ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﺎﻟﭻ ﮐﻠﺶ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﻟﭻ زﻧﺪه ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰانﻫﺎ را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﺮ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﺳﺎس ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن اﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺷﻮد.

In order to The effect of mulch types and different methods of planting on morphological characteristics of sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus L.) in Ahwaz weather conditions, an experiment was carried out with factorial based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Khuzestan Science Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Iran during 2017-2018. The first factor included mulch types in five levels (Wheat Straw, white plastic, Living Mulch, black plastic and non-application) and the second factor was planting pattern at three levels (inside the furrow, on the ridge and on flat surface). The results showed that mulch types had significant differences in leaf number, leaf area index and plant height and planting pattern levels in terms of number and total leaf weight, total stem weight, stem diameter and plant height. Comparison of means showed that in most of the traits cultivated on the back and applied mulch or live mulch had the highest values. Therefore, simultaneous application of these treatments can enhance the growth characteristics of sunflower.