ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت واﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي .Zea mays L

Evaluation of yield related traits in new Iranian corn hybrids (Zea mays L.)

ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ داراي ﺗﻮارث ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﺑﯿﺶ از 50 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﮐﺸﻮر را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺬا اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﯾﮑﯽ از روش ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻌﺪاد 13 ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه KSC 704 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺎزه و ﺧﺸﮏ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ رﻗﻢ، ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻃﯽ دوره رﺷﺪ، از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ ﻇﻬﻮر ﮐﺎﮐﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪاد روز ﺗﺎ ﺷﺮوع ﮔﺮده اﻓﺸﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 50 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺮوز ﺻﻔﺖ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮ ﮐﺮت، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، و در زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، وزن ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎ رﻃﻮﺑﺖ 72%، وزن ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ، و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻼل ﯾﺎدداﺷﺖ ﺑﺮداري ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ روش آزﻣﻮن ﭼﻨﺪ داﻣﻨﻪ اي داﻧﮑﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ : ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻮﺗﻪ )44128 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 1 و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار 34121ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 7 ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ 10 ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 1262/7 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ 7 ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪار 923/3 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ را داﺷﺖ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 9 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﺑﻼل )848/1( و 3 ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ )504/7( را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 9 ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪي زودرس ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ و ﺑﻼل زﯾﺎد ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 11 از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدي ﺑﺮﺗﺮ از ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻫﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ ﻫﺎي 4 و 7 ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺖ.

Yield of crops has quantitative inheritance and has affected by environmental condition severely. Fodder corn produced more than 50% of forage productions in Iran. Therefore, selection of optimum genotypes based on suitable indices is one of the effective way to improve crop yields. 13 new fodder corn hybrids and KSC704 as control were compared in randomized completely block design with four replication during two years in Karaj to compare fresh and dry forage yields and select the best hybrid to introduce as variety. Number of days to pollination and to silking based on 50% appearance in each plot, and leaf numbers were measured during growth stages and forage fresh weight with 72% water content, Forage dry weight and corn dry weight were measured at harvest time. Combined analysis showed significant differences (α<0.01) between hybrids during two years. Maximum forage fresh weight (44128 kg/ha) was related to hybrid 1 and minimum of it (34121 kg/ha) was related to hybrid no. 7 based on Dunkan multiple test. Hybrids No. 10 and 7 had maximum and minimum forage dry weights respectively by 1262.7 and 923.3 gr/m2. Hybrids No. 9 and 3 had maximum and minimum corn dry weights by 848.1 and 504.7 gr/m2 respectively. It seem hybrid No. 9 is premature and has more leaves, forage fresh and dry weights and corn dry weights. In addition, hybrid No. 11 is better than control based on yield characteristics. The minimum yields of this study were observed in hybrids No 4 and 7.