ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ تنش خشكي

The Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Components of Four Wheat Cultivars under Drought Stress Conditions

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم در دو ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮐﻮدﯾﺎﻧﻮ ﻧﺼﺮآﺑﺎد از ﺗﻮاﺑﻊ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس اﯾﺮان ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا در آﻣﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ دو ﺳﻄﺢ آﺑﯿﺎري )ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﻗﻄﻊ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ دﻫﯽ(، ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﻮدي ﺻﻔﺮ، 120، 240 و 360 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم )ﺷﯿﺮودي، ﭼﻤﺮان 2، ﭼﻤﺮان ﻣﺎدري و ﺳﯿﺮوان( ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﻮد. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮرﯾﮑﻪ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ 29 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ اﻣﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي 120، 240 و 360 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 32 ،25 و 15 درﺻﺪي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻬﻨﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎﺑﺮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﯾﻦ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺎ 240 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ.

Effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of four wheat cultivars in two locations (Kudian and Nasrabad, Fars province, Iran) was investigated. The experiment was conducted as split plot in a randomized complete block design with two main irrigation levels (normal and interrupted irrigation at the stem stage). Four wheat cultivars (Shiroodi, Chamran 2, Chamran matri, and Siamran) and four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0, 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1) with three replications were used as sub-factors. Grain yield traits, number of grains per spike, number of spikes per square meter and 1000-grain weight were evaluated. The results showed that drought stress reduced yield and yield components. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 29% but application of 120, 240 and 360 kg ha-1 nitrogen increased yield by 25, 32 and 15%, respectively. Therefore, the use of 240 kg nitrogencould be useful for these cultivars in both drought and non-stress conditions.