اﺛﺮ زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮ-ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ

Effect of zeolite on morpho-physiological characteristics and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) under drought stress conditions

اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮ-ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت رﻗﻢ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ 704 ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎل و ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 12 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و3 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل 1398-1397 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ )75 ،60 و 90 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ( و ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ )ﺻﻔﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ،( ،5 10و 15 ﺗﻦ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه، ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ذرت ﺷ.ﺪ در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾ.ﺪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﻮﯾﮋه در ﻣﯿﺰان 60 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ 10 و 15 ﺗﻦ ﺑﺮ ﻫﮑﺘﺎر زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ، ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، وزن ﺑﻼل و ﺗﻌﺪاد ردﯾﻒ داﻧﻪ در ﺑﻼل ﮔﺮﯾﺪ. ﺑﻪﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ و ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ اﺳﺖ )ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ( ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد زﺋﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 10-15 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت رﺷﺪي و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

This research was conducted to evaluate th effect of zeolite on morpho-physiological characteristics, yield and yield components of ‘Hybrid 704’ maize under normal and drought stress conditions. This study was a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications durin 2018-2019. The studied Factors consisted of 4 levels of zeolite (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton. ha-1) and 3 levels of drought stress (60, 75 and 90 % of FC). Results showed that drought stress significantly decreased physiological and growth characteristics of maize plants. In Contrast, Zeolite improved the growth characteristics of the maize plants especially under drought stress by increasing WUE. Drought stress (especially at level of 60% FC) significantly reduced yield and yield components. However, application of zeolite alleviated the effect of drought stress. So, application of 10 and 15 ton per ha zeolite improved grain yield, 1000-grain weight, ear weight and number of grain rows per ear. In general, and based on our results, it was found that in areas with water deficiet problem (such as Jiroft), application of 10-15 ton per ha of zeolite improves growth characteristics and yield of maize plants.