ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ زﻧﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎ

Genetic analysis of seedling characters in rice using generation means analysis

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ژن و وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧـﯽ در ﺑـﺮﻧﺞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸـ ﯽ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷـﺶ ﻧﺴـﻞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻼﻗﯽ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ دﯾﻠﻤﺎﻧﯽ و ﺳﻔﯿﺪرود ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑـﺎ ﺳـﻪ ﺗﮑـﺮار اﻧﺠـﺎم ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ، اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﻞﻫﺎ را از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺸﺎن داد. از ﻧﻈـﺮ ﺗﻤـﺎﻣﯽ ﺻـﻔﺎت، ﮐـﺎي اﺳﮑﻮر ﻣﺪل ﺳﻪ ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮي ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ]m[، اﺛﺮ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ]d[ و اﺛﺮ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ]h[ ژنﻫﺎ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑـﻮد . در ﺻـﻔﺎت ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﯾﺸـﯽ ژن ﻫـﺎ و در ﺳـﺎﯾﺮ ﺻـﻔﺎت ﺳﻬﻢ اﺛﺮات ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ژنﻫﺎ در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼـﻪ ﺑـﻪ رﯾﺸـﻪ ﭼـﻪ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ، ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ و ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼـﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ ﻣﻘﺪار وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ژنﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻃـﻮل ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﭼـﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮآورد. ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، درﺟﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺖ ژنﻫﺎ ﮐﻤﺘـ ﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﺑﺮآورد ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻧﺴـﺒﺖ وزن ﺧﺸـﮏ ﺳـﺎﻗﻪ ﭼـﻪ و ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎﻗﻪﭼﻪ و ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/68 و 0/25 ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ.

In order to determine gene action, heritability and genes of number controlling of some seedling traits in rice, two iranian cultivars were crossed and F1, F2 and backcross progeny were produced. 6 important traits including, shoot length, root length, shoot/root length ratio, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root and shoot/root dry weight ratio were evaluated. Parents and their F1, F2 and backcross progeny were grown in randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among generations for all traits. Furthermore, the crosses effect was significant for all traits. The genetic model of additive-dominance effects could explain the variation among the generation means for all the traits, except for shoot length, where additive effects were non-significant coupled with highly significant dominance effects indicating, that their inheritance was relatively simple. Estimation of degree of dominance showed also that shoot length, dry weight of root and dry weight of shoot controls by over-dominance effect and the other traits controls by partial dominance effect. Average broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.48 to 0.88 for shoot/root dry weight ratio and shoot length respectively and average narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.25 to 0.68 for shoot/root dry weight ratio and shoot length, respectively.