اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ و ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك اوره در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ و اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ

Effect of Urea Spraying and Fertilizer Application at Different Growth Stages on Grain Protein and Nitrogen Remobilization in Bread Wheat Cultivars in Dryland Conditions

در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻮد اوره و ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻤﻮ ﺑـﺮ ﭘـﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧـﻪ و اﻧﺘﻘـﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن در ارﻗﺎم ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﺧـﺮد ﺷـﺪه ﻧـﻮاري )اﺳـﺘﺮﯾﭗ اﺳـﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت( ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395-96 و 1396-97 در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﺳﺮارود ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ از: اﻟﻒ( ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮد اوره در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻧﻤﻮي آﺑﺴﺘﻨﯽ، آﺑﺴﺘﻨﯽ و ﭘﺮﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ و ﭘﺮﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ ﮐﻪ در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي اﺻـﻠﯽ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓـﺖ . ب( ﭼﻬﺎر رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺪم دﯾﻢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: آذر-2، رﯾﮋاو، ﺑﺎران و ﭘﺮاو در ﮐﺮت ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﻋـﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك( و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻧﻤﻮ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ زﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺮت ﻧﻮاري. ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺠﺎم ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺮﮐﺐ داده ﻫﺎ و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ، ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﮐﻮد اوره ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺤﺘـﻮاي ﻧﯿﺘـﺮو ژن و درﺻـﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ ﺷﺪ. اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك و رﻗﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﻣﺠﺪد ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐـﻮد ﺳـﺮك و رﻗـﻢ ﭘﺮاو و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار آن ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﺑﺎران در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد ﺳﺮك اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷـﺖ . ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳـﺨﺘﯽ داﻧـﻪ، ﻋـﺪزﻟﻨﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﺷﺪن داﻧﻪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. در ﺑﯿﻦ ارﻗـﺎم رﻗﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﻗﻢ رﯾﮋاو از ﻧﻈﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮔﻠﻮﺗﻦ، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ داﻧﻪ و ﻋﺪد زﻟﻨﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ.

In order to evaluate the effect of different foliar application treatments of urea and top dressing fertilizer on grain protein and nitrogen remobilization of experimental wheat in strip split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in two growing seasons(2016-2017 and 2017-2018) rainfall conditions were run. Experimental treatments were: foliar application of urea fertilizer application in 4 levels including: control (spraying), fertilization in pregnancy, pregnancy and grain filling and grain filling as main plot, cultivar as sub plot and use of top dressing fertilizer and no use of top dressing fertilizer as a strip plot factor. After combined analysis of data and comparing means, results showed that, fertilizer application and spraying of urea fertilizer increased nitrogen content and protein percentage of grain. The interaction effect of top dressing fertilizer and cultivar showed that the highest remobilization was related to the application of top dressing fertilizer and cultivar Praw and the least amount of it was allocated to Baran cultivar under non-fertilizer application. The highest grain hardness, Zeleny number and nitrogen harvest index were observed in foliar application at grain filling stage and the least was observed in control treatment. Among the cultivars studied, Rijaw was the best cultivar in terms of gluten content, seed hardness and Zeleny number.