ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ رﺷﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻘﻮﻻت ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي رﯾﺰوﺑﯿﻮم اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه از (Medicago sativa) ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ وﺣﺸﯽ

Investigation of growth of family cereal crops using Rhizobium bacteria extracted from wild alfalfa )Medicago sativa(

ﮔﺮوه ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﻬﺎي ﮔﺮم ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺧﺎك ﮐﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮان رﯾﺰوﺑﯿﻮم ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ داراي ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻪ ﻓﺮدي در ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري راﺑﻄﻪ ﻫﻤﺰﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ رﯾﺸﻪ ي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻟﮕﻮم و ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﮔﺮﻫﻬﺎي ﺗﺜﺒﯿﺖ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺑﻘﻮﻻت )ﻧﺨﻮد)Cicer arietinum( ، ﺷﺒﺪر)Trifolium(، ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ)Vigna unguiculata(، ﻋﺪس)Lens culinaris( و ﺧُﻠﺮ)Lathyrus( ( ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي رﯾﺰوﺑﯿﻮم اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﺷﺪه از ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ وﺣﺸﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 97-98 در ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﻮﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺨﺶ اﮔﺮواﮐﻮﻟﻮژي داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داراب، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺷﯿﺮاز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﺑﺘﺪا رﯾﺸﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻪ آراﻣﯽ از ﺧﺎك ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺎ آب ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎي ﺣﺎوي ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن وﺣﺸﯽ ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪ و ﻣﺠﺪدا ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻫﯿﭙﻮﮐﻠﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﺪﯾﻢ 20 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺳﻪ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ داده ﺷ.ﺪ ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل 70 درﺻﺪ اﺗﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﯾﮏ دﻗﯿﻘﻪ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه و ﻣﺠﺪدا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آب ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ داده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﮔﺮه ﻫﺎﻟﻪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﯿﻮن ﺑﺎ ﺑﺬور ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﺗﻠﻘﯿﺢ داده و در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ اﺳﺘﺮﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺧﻠﺮ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان رﺷﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﺪر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي، وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﻧﺨﻮد و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﺪر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي، وزن ﺗﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺗﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﻧﺨﻮد و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺗﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﺪر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه رﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺒﺪز و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﺮه رﯾﺸﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ ﺧﻠﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Specific groups of Gram-negative soil bacteria, collectively termed Rhizobium, have the unique ability to coexist with the root of legume family plants and to form nitrogen-fixing nodes on the root surface of these plants. To study the physiological traits of legume (chickpea )Cicer arietinum(, clover )Trifolium(, Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ) lentil )Lens culinaris( and Lathyrus (Lathyrus)) crops that were inoculated using Rhizobium bacteria extracted from wild alfalfa, an experiment was conducted in the biotechnology greenhouse in 1997-98. Agroecology was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Darab, Shiraz University. First, the roots of the plants were gently extracted from the soil and washed with water. The nodules containing the desired bacteria were then isolated from the wild plants and washed again with distilled water. The nodes were then disinfected with 20% sodium hypochlorite solution for three minutes and then washed several times with distilled water. The nodules were disinfected with 70% ethanol solution for one minute and washed again with distilled water. The nodes were then crushed and after being suspended inoculated with crop seeds and cultured on sterilized media. The results showed that the highest plant height was related to the perennial crop height and the lowest growth rate belonged to the clover crop. In measurement, shoot fresh weight was the highest shoot fresh weight for chickpea crop and the lowest shoot fresh weight was for clover crop. In measurement, root fresh weight had the highest root fresh weight belong to chickpea crop and the lowest root fresh weight belonged to clover crop. In the measurement, the number of root nodes was the highest number of root nodes related to clover crop and the lowest number of root nodes was related to clover crop.