ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ ﺟﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان

Quantitative traits path analysis of Iran desert climate’s barley landraces

وارﯾﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﺟﻮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻋﻈﯿﻤﯽ از ژنﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ وارﯾﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺤﻤﻞ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﮐﺮد. ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس 419 وارﯾﺘﻪ از ﮐﻠﮑﺴﯿﻮن ﺟﻮ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎء ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺮاي 22 ﺻﻔﺖ ﮐﻤﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺻﻔﺎت ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ و ﻃﻮل و ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار در ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﮐﻤﯽ ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨ.ﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﮐﻤﯽ ﻃﻮل ﮐﻮﻟﺌﻮﭘﺘﯿﻞ و ﻃﻮل ﭘﺪاﻧﮑﻞ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ در ﺑﯿﻦ اﯾﻦ وارﯾﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﺴﯿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ دارد. ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ و روز ﺗﺎ رﺳﯿﺪﮔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ را از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ دارﻧﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻨﺒﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ را ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد.

Barley landraces are the main sources of resistance genes against environmental stresses. Studies of this diversity under environmental stresses could help us to recognize tolerant varieties and also effective traits against stress conditions. To this end, 22 quantitative traits of 419 barley landraces that were originally collected from deserts regions of Iran were studied through correlation and path analysis. Results indicated plant height, peduncle length and diameter are the most important and effective traits in spike quantitate traits and also grain yield under drought stress. Furthermore, quantitate relation of coleoptile and peduncle length with grain yield, revealed these traits as appropriate morphological marker traits to identify landraces with high grain yield under drought condition. Path analysis revealed that biological yield has the highest direct effect on grain yield. Stem diameter and also days to maturity had the highest indirect effect on grain yield through biological yield. Grain number per a spike was the second effective traits on grain yield directly.