اثر دگرآسيبي ژنوتيپ هاي جو (Hordeum vulgare L.) بر فعاليت هاي آنزيمي ريزوم پيچك صحرايي

The allelopathic effect of barley genotypes (Hordeum vulgare L.) on enzymes activity of Convolvulus arvensis rhizome

اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﻫﺎي آزﻣـﺎﯾﺶ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ دو ژﻧﻮﺗﯿـﭗ ﺟـﻮ ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و 10 ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي( و وزن ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﺟﻮ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك )30 ،20 ،10 و 40 ﮔﺮم در ﮔﻠﺪان( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ اﺛﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ، ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز، ﮔﻼﯾﺘﯿﺘﻮن ردﮐﺘﺎز، ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز، آﻟﻔﺎ آﻣﯿﻼز، اﺳـﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼـﺮب، ﻣـﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﻫﯿﺪ و ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﻫﺎي ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﻦ و آﺑﺴﯿﺰﯾﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿـﺰان آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻟﻔﺎ آﻣﯿﻼز و ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻻز ﺷﺪ. اﺛﺮ ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ آﻟﻔﺎآﻣﯿﻼز ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺟﻮ 10 ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺑﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻼط 40 ﮔﺮم ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ﺗﻮده ﻣﺤﻠﯽ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 10 ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺑﺎ ﺧﺎك، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﯾﻦ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ را 38 و 79/5 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷـﺎﻫﺪ ﺑـﺪون ﺑﻘﺎﯾـﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﻫﺎي آﻧﺘﯽ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﻧﺖ در ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎ ﺟﻮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻘﺪار اﺳﯿﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﺮب و ﻣﺎﻟﻮن دي آﻟﺪﻫﯿـﺪ ﺷـﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن ﻏﺸﺎي ﺳﻠﻮﻟﯽ دﻻﻟﺖ داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻄﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﻘﺎﯾﺎي ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻣﺤﻠﯽ در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ 10 ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي از اﺛﺮ زﯾﺎﻧﺒـﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ رﯾﺰوم و ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮد.

The experiment was factorial based on completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Four different amounts (10, 20, 30 and 40 g pot-1) of two barley genotypes (local ecotype and Sarasary 10) residual were estimated. Results indicated that the effect of genotype, residual amount and their interaction on rhizome Malondialdehyde concentration, fatty acid percent, α-amylase activity, Catalase activity, Peroxidase activity, Glutathione reductase activity, GA and ABA concentration. The negative effect of local ecotype residual on α-amylase activity was more than modern genotype. The mixing of 40 g residues of local ecotype and Sarasary10 genotype with soil decreased this enzyme by 38% and 79.5%, respectively, compared to the control without residues. Increasing the amount of residuals, reduces gibberellin hormone and increased rhizome the ABA content. Antioxidant enzymes increased in reaction to an increase in the amount of residues up to about 20 grams in the pot and then decreased significantly. Reducing antioxidant enzymes at high levels of barley residues led to an increase in the amount of fatty acids and Malondialdehyde, indicating the peroxidation of the cell membraneIt seems that in areas where dodder weed is dominant, it is possible to use local barley residuals to reduce the damages.