تأثير مقادير مختلف ABA بر برخي از خصوصيات مورفولوژيكي و عملكرد ذرت تحت دوره هاي مختلف آبياري

The effect of different amounts of ABA on some morphological characteristics and yield of maize under different irrigation periods

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﮐﻨﻨﺪه رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ذرت ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ از ﺑﺎ اﻫﻤﯿﺖﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻼت، آب ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺧﺸﮏ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻫﻮاز )ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن( و ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺛـﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻣﻬﻢ زراﻋﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ذرت ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو، در اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺳﻌﯽ ﺑـﺮ آن اﺳـﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ABA ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﻨﺪه اﺛـﺮات ﻧـﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺷـﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗـﻨﺶ ﺑـﺮ ﺑﺮﺧـ ﯽ از ﺧﺼﻮﺻـ ﯿﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت ﺗﺤﺖ دورﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از 50 ﺑﻪ 100 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﻞ، ﺗﻌـﺪاد داﻧـﻪ در ﺑـﻼل و ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ در ﻫﮑﺘـﺎر ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري را داﺷﺖ. اﯾﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﭙﺮي ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ABA اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ و در ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ 100 ﭘﯽﭘﯽام ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ، ﻗﻄﺮ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﮔﻞ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧـﻪ در ﺑـﻼل و ﻋﻤﻠﮑـﺮد داﻧـﻪ ذرت ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اﻇﻬﺎر داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯿﺎري ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮنABA از اﺛﺮات ﻧﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮب ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﺮد.

One of the most important factors limiting the growth and production of maize as one of the most important cereals is water. Considering the semi-arid climatic conditions of Ahvaz (Khuzestan) region and the limitation of available water resources, it is important to investigate different strategies to reduce the adverse effects of these conditions on important crops such as maize. Therefore, this study attempts to investigate the effect of different concentrations of ABA as a mitigating factor on the adverse effects of stress conditions on some morphological characteristics and yield of maize under different irrigation intervals. The results showed that with increasing evaporation rate from 50 to 100% of evaporation pan height, leaf number, stem diameter, flower height, grain number per ear and grain yield per hectare significantly decreased. However, spraying at different concentrations of ABA reduced the adverse effects of water stress and was observed at the highest concentration, 100 ppm highest height, leaf number, stem diameter, flower height, grain number per ear and grain yield. In general, the results show that undesirable effects can be avoided by using compounds such as ABA.