ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ، ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺘﻮﺳﻨﺘﺰي Heliantus annuus L ارﻗﺎم آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان

Effect of Organic, Chemical and Integrated Fertilizers on Yield, Nitrogen Percentage and Photosynthetic Pigments of Sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.) Cultivars

ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﻬﺎدهﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺛﺮات ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺎك، ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﺨﯿﺰي آن ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي آﻟﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﻬﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارﺗﻘﺎء ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺧﺎك و ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ، آﻟﯽ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ارﻗﺎم آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي زﻫﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﺧﺮده ﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اﺻﻠﯽ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﻮددﻫﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮد(، ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ )40 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ )5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اوره، 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و 100 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﭘﺘﺎس(، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و اﺳﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ )20 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ + 2/5 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ و ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )20 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ + 75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم اوره، 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﻓﺴﻔﺮ و 50 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﭘﺘﺎس( و ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ آﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮدان ﺷﻤﺲ، ﻗﺎﺳﻢ و ﻫﺎﯾﺴﺎن 25 )ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪ( ﺑﻮد. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ، ﮐﺎرﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ و درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b ،a، ﮐﺎرﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ ﮐﻞ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر اﺳﯿﺪﻫﯿﻮﻣﯿﮏ+ﮐﻮدﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و رﻗﻢ ﺷﻤﺲ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ.

The use of chemical inputs in agriculture may reduce its fertility through negative effects on soil. Applying organic fertilizers is one of the best ways to improve soil quality and agricultural products. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chemical, organic and synthetic fertilizers on some traits of sunflower cultivars in the field of Zakah Agricultural Research Station in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factors of different levels of fertilizer include control (no fertilizer application), compost (40 ton / ha), humic acid (5 l/h), chemical fertilizer (including 150 kg urea, 100 kg P and 100 kg K), compost compost and Humic acid (20 ton / ha compost + 2.5 l/ha) and compost and chemical fertilizer (20 ton / ha compost + 75 kg urea, 50 kg P and 50 kg K) and sub factor including three cultivars of sunflower Shams, Ghasim and HYSUN25. The studied traits included yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoids, chlorophyll index and N content. The results showed that the highest amount of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid, total chlorophyll and chlorophyll index were obtained in humic acid+ Fertilizer and cultivar Shams.