ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﭼﺎودار Secale cereale Lدر ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ

Evaluation of Yield and Yield Components of Three Rye Cultivars under Water Deficit Stress Conditions

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﭼﺎودار آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1393-94 در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ دزﻓﻮل اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺘﺸﮑّﻞ از ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دور آﺑﯿﺎري، ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 75 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 100 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ و آﺑﯿﺎري ﭘﺲ از 150 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ از ﺗﺸﺘﮏ ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮ ﮐﻼس A و ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ رﻗﻢ ﭼﺎودار اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻮﺳﮑﺎﯾﺎ، داﻧﮑﻮ، رﻗﻢ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﻧﻮ(م ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ واﮐﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧ.ﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺑﺪون ﺗﻨﺶ، رﻗﻢ داﻧﮑﻮ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ )2520 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داد. ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ، ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ در ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ارﻗﺎم ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. اﻣﺎ رﻗﻢ ﻣﻮﻧﺘﺎﻧﻮم در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد 1337 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ دو رﻗﻢ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان اﻇﻬﺎر ﻧﻤﻮد ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان راهﮐﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻌﺪﯾﻞ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﮔﺮدد.

In order to study the effect of water deficit stress on yield and yield components of three experimental rye cultivars in a split plot in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications was carried out in Dezful region during 2014-2015. Main plots consisted of three levels of water deficit irrigation treatments, including irrigation after 75 mm evaporation (control), irrigation after 100 mm evaporation and irrigation after 150 mm evaporation from Class A evaporation pan and sub plots also included three rye cultivars (Stratoskaya, Danko, Montanum). The results of this study showed that cultivars had different responses to water deficit stress in terms of yield and yield components. So that under non stress conditions, Danko was achieved the highest grain yield (2520 kg.ha-1). By applying stress treatments, grain yield decreased in all cultivars studied. However, Montanum was superior to the other two cultivars under stress conditions with lower seed number per unit area with 1337 kg.ha-1. Therefore, it can be stated that the stability of the number of grains per unit area can be a suitable strategy to mitigate the decrease in yield due to stress conditions.