ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﺤﻞ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺮ ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺮﻓﻪ اﯾﺮان

Impact of climate of habitat location on quantity and quality of phytochemical compounds of some Purslane populations of Iran

ﺧﺮﻓﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﭘﺮﺗﻮﻻﮐﺎﺳﻪ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﺳﺘﮑﻪ ﺧﻮاص درﻣﺎﻧﯽ زﯾﺎدي ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ﺿﺪ درد، ﺗﺐ ﺑﺮ، ﺿﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه، ﺿﺪ اﺳﮑﻮرﺑﻮت،ﺿﺪﺳﺮﻓﻪ، ﺿﺪ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب، ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺧﻮن، ﺿﺪ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮرم و آﺑﺴﻪ ﻫﺎدارد. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 18 ﺗﻮده ﺧﺮﻓﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﻃﻮل و ﻋﺮض ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ و دﻣﺎي ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻞ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺛﺒﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻤﯿﺖ و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ،ﺑﺬورﺧﺮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻫﮕﺰان اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاف ﮔﺎزي ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻃﯿﻒ ﺳﻨﺞ ﺟﺮﻣﯽ )GC-MC(آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ GC-MC ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ 10 ﺗﺎ 31 ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯿﺒﯿﻦ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت را ﻣﺎده 9،12،15- اﮐﺘﺎ دﮐﺎﺗﺮﯾﻮﻧﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ 83/1% و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺎده )38/7%( ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮده ﺗﺎﻟﺶ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷ.ﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺧﻠﻮص ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎده ﺗﺘﺮا دﮐﺎﻧﻮﺋﯿﮏ اﺳﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان 99% ﮐﻪ در اﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻮده ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺧﻠﻮص ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎده ﮔﻠﺴﯿﺮﯾﻦ 1و3 دﯾﻮﻟﺌﯿﻦ در ﺗﻮده ﻗﺰوﯾﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه .ﺷ ﺪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﻣﺤﻞ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان رﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮد. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺗﻨﻮع ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺧﺮﻓﻪ از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﻔﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب واﻟﺪﯾﻦ از ﺗﻮدهﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺗﻨﻮع ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ زﯾﺎد ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻔﺮق و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﯽ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي دورگﮔﯿﺮي و ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ آﻏﺎزﯾﻦ ﮔﺎم اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ارﻗﺎم ﭘﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﺎ ﺧﻮاص داروﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ دارو ﺳﺎزي ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎﺷﺪو ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ و ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ژرمﭘﻼﺳﻢ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد.

PortulacaoleraceaL.isone of the most important medicinal plant belonging to Portulacaceae family, which exhibited a wide scope of pharmaceutical properties such as pain killer, antipyretic, anti-viral and anti-fungal. In this study, 18 purslane populations were collected from different regions of the country and their geographical location was recorded in terms of altitude, longitude and latitude and average rainfall and average temperature of habitat. To evaluate the quantity and quality of phytochemical compounds, seed samples were extracted using hexanes and analyzed by GC-MC. The GC-MC results showed that there were 10 - 31 phytochemical compounds between different accessions.The highest percentage of 9,12,15-octa decarionic acid compound was found in Qazvin accession with 83.1% and andthe lowest percent was found in Taleshaccession with 38.1%. The highest purity percentage was related to tetra decanoic acid with 99% in most of the accession and the lowest purity was glycerine 1,3dioline in Qazvin accession.The results showed that the percentage of phytochemicals decreased with decreasing altitude and relative humidity.In general, phytochemical diversity information would be useful in the management of Portulacaoleraceacollection from origin of diversity and selecting parents from populations with high phytochemical diversity for hybridizationbreeding programsand breeding can be the first step in breeding and producing highyielding varieties with suitable medicinal properties for the pharmaceutical industry of the country and can be utilized for preservation and maintaince the germplasm of this medicinal plant.