كليدواژه :
ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ , ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ , ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ , ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ
چكيده فارسي :
ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ راﻫﺒﺮد ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﻮم ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺎ ﻧﻬﺎده ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ، ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژﻧﻪ و ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺳﺎري اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ 8 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و در4 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷ.ﺪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺷﺎﻣ:ﻞ ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوﮐﺴﯿﻦ )ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ از دو ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي Azotobacter chroococcumو brasilense Azospirillum ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ107 ﺳﻠﻮل در ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ(، ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اوره 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 10 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ 50 %ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ 50 %ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ)75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖ 50 %ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر(+ ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ + ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(. ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺮﺷﺎﺧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﻠﺪار در ﻫﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﺮگ در ﻫﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ )ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ(، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺮگ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ ﭼﯿﻦ، ﮐﻮد و ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﭼﯿﻦ و ﮐﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺻﻔﺎت اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه در ﻧﻌﻨﺎع ﻓﻠﻔﻠﯽ درﺗﯿﻤﺎر 50 ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( +ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ + ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ( و در ﭼﯿﻦ دوم ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ اوره 150 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻮق ﺑﻮد اﻣﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎ ﺑﺼﻮرت ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر 50 %ﮐﻮد ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ )75 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( +ﮐﻮد زﯾﺴﺘﯽ+ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ را در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻮق ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﺎورزي، اﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﮐﻮد آﻟﯽ ورﻣﯽ ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﮐـﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﯾﻨـﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ورود آﺳﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ زﯾﺴـﺖ و اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در اﺛﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻧﯿﺘﺮات، ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چكيده لاتين :
Application of biological fertilizers, especially plant growth promoting bacteria, combined with the use of
fertilizers, is the most important integrated nutrition strategy for sustainable agricultural management and
increasing their production in a sustainable agricultural system with sufficient input. In order to
investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogenous bio fertilizer and organic fertilizer (vermicompost)
on yield of peppermint, a field experiment was conducted at research farm of Sari of Agricultural
Sciences and Natural Resources University. This research was carried out in a randomized complete
block design with 8 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments included bio-fertilizer of nitroxin (a
combination of two Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense bacteria (with 10-
7concentrations), urea fertilizer 150 kg ha-1, organic vermicompost fertilizer amounting to 10 tons per
hectare, bio-fertilizer, combining bio-fertilizers with 50% nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg ha-1). Combination of
organic fertilizer with biofertilizer, combining 50% of fertilizer (75 kg ha-1) + organic fertilizer +
biofertilizer and no fertilizer (control). The measured traits were: height, number of flower heads per
plant, number of leaves per plant, dry weight of shoot (gm-2), leaf oil content, essential oil yield, menthol
and menton content. The results showed that the effect of cutting, fertilizer and interaction of cutting and
fertilizer on the traits measured in peppermint was significant. The highest amount of traits measured in
peppermint was obtained in 50% fertilizer (75 kg.ha-1) + biofertilizer + vermicompost and the second
cutting. When fertilizers were used alone, 150 kg.ha-1 urea fertilizer treatment was the most effective
treatment for improving these traits but when fertilizers were used in combination, 50% chemical
fertilizer (75 kg.ha-1)+ biofertilizer + vermicompost, had the greatest effect on the improvement of the
above traits. With regard to the problems caused by the excessive use of chemical fertilizers in
agriculture, the conclusion that the use of fertilizers and organic fertilizers (vermicompost) can be used to
reduce chemical production, to reduce the cost of production and to prevent damage to the environment
and ecosystems particularly because of the application of nitrogen in the form of nitrate, these results are
important.
