اﺛﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﺻﻔﺎﺗﺮﯾﺸﻪ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ Oryza sativa L ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ وﮔﯿﻼﻧﻪ

Effect of Phosphorus Fertilizer Split Application on Root Traits of Two Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars (Hashemi and Gilaneh)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺸﻪ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ )ﻣﺤﻠﯽ( و ﮔﯿﻼﻧﻪ )اﺻﻼح ﺷﺪه(، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﮐﺸﻮر، رﺷﺖ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﮐﻮد )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ(، 100 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ 20روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري، ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ 60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، 25 درﺻﺪ 20 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري و 25 درﺻﺪ60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ در دو ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك ﻟﻮﻣﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ و رﺳﯽ ﺳﯿﻠﺘﯽ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺸﻪ اي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻃﻮل رﯾﺸﻪ، وزن ﺗﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ، وزن ﺧﺸﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺣﺠﻢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻗﻄﺮ رﯾﺸﻪ و ﭼﮕﺎﻟﯽ ﺳﻄﺢ رﯾﺸﻪ در ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ 60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري در رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ و در ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺴﺖ روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، 25 درﺻﺪ 20 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري و 25 درﺻﺪ60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري در رﻗﻢ ﮔﯿﻼﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻮع رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ و ﮔﯿﻼﻧﻪ و در ﻫﺮ دو ﻧﻮع ﺧﺎك ﺑﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ رﯾﺸﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ در دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﭘﻨﺠﻪ زﻧﯽ و ﮔﻠﺪﻫﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ 20 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﻫﺎﺷﻤﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺸﻪ اي ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ وﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد و ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، 25 درﺻﺪ 20 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎ ﮐﺎري و 25 درﺻﺪ60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري ﺑﺮاي رﻗﻢ ﮔﯿﻼﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ ﮐﻮد ﻓﺴﻔﺮ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺸﻪ اي و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد. و ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﻦ رﻗﻢ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻂ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اي 50 درﺻﺪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و 50 درﺻﺪ 60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻧﺸﺎﮐﺎري دﯾﺪه ﺷﺪ.

In order to investigate the effect of phosphorus fertilizer split application on root traits of two (Hashemi) and Gilaneh (improved) rice cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht. Phosphorus fertilizer treatments in five levels including: no fertilizer (control), 100% basic, 50% two-stage split and 50% twenty days after transplanting, 50% two-stage split and 50% 60 days after transplanting. Transplantation and three-stage division were 50% basal, 25% 20 days after transplanting, and 25% 60 days after transplanting. The experiment was conducted in two types of silty loamy and clayey silty soils. The results showed that the measured root traits were: root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, root area, root diameter and root surface density at 50% basal and 50% two-day split after transplanting. 50% basal and 50% 60 days after transplanting in Hashemi cultivar and 50% basal and 50% twenty days after transplanting as well as 50% basal, 25% 20 days after transplanting. an‎d 25% 60 days after transplanting had significant difference in Guilan cultivar. The results showed that in both types of Hashemi and Gilaneh and in both soil types phosphorus fertilizer split based on root traits, seed yield and shoot phosphorus content was affected by two stages of tillering and flowering and two-stage split. 50% of basal and 50% of 20 days after transplanting for Hashemi cultivar was superior to root non-phosphorus condition for root traits, seed yield and shoot P content and three-stage 50% rooting, 25% 20 days after transplanting. Yield and 25% 60 days after transplanting for Gilaneh cultivar in terms of non-partitioning of phosphorus fertilizer in terms of root traits and grain yield The highest phosphorus content of shoot was also observed in 50% and 50% 60 days after transplanting, respectively.