ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ذرت

Effect of herbicides efficacy in different tillage systems on weed control and corn yield

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ذرت در ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺎك ورزي در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻓﺴﺎ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1395-96 ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﻠﻮﮐﻬﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار در 2 ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺮﺗﻬﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﺎك ورزي در 3 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ورزي راﯾﺞ )ﺷﺨﻢ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺎوآﻫﻦ و ﺳﭙﺲ دﯾﺴﮏ(، ﮐﻢ ﺧﺎك ورزي )اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭼﯿﺰل ﺑﮑﺮ( و ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي )ﮐﺸﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ( و ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﮐﺮﺗﻬﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎ در 7ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺮوز در 2 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 2 و ﯾﮏ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻓﻮرام ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در دو ﻣﻘﺪار 2 و ﯾﮏ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، ﻣﺎﯾﺴﺘﺮ در 2 ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 1,5 و 0/75 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )7/5 و 5/5 ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻮد و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺧﺎك ورزي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم )45/3 و 36/1 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( ﺑﻮد و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺑﯽ ﺧﺎك ورزي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﻣﯿﺰان 2 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺮﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺑﺮگ را داﺷﺖ و در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯿﺪاري ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺼﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﮑﻮﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮرون در ﻣﯿﺰان 2 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺎرﯾﮏ ﺑﺮگ و ﭘﻬﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ) ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 22/8 و 13/8 ﮔﺮم در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( داﺷﺖ.

In order to study the herbicides on maize yield and yield components in different tillage systems in Fasa region, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 3 replications. The main plots included tillage at 3 levels: common tillage levels (plowing with plow and then disk), low tillage (using chisel) and no-tillage (direct cultivation), and sub-plots including herbicides at 7 levels: nicosulforon at 2 concentrations 2 and 1 liter/ha, foramsulfurone at 2 and 1 liters /ha, Meister at 1.5 and 0.75 liters/ha, respectively, and the control without herbicides. Results showed that the highest weed density was in conventional tillage (7.5 and 5.5 plants / m2) and the lowest weed density was obtained in tillage. The highest weed dry weight was obtained in conventional tillage (45.3 and 36.1 gm-2) and the lowest weed dry weight was obtained in tillage. Nicosulfurone at 2 lit / ha had the greatest effect on reducing leaf weed density and no significant difference was observed between the herbicides in reducing leaf weed density. Nicosulfurone at 2 liters per hectare had the highest effect on dry weight of leaf and broadleaf weeds compared to control (22.8 and 13.8 g / m 2, respectively).