ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﮏ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ ﺑﺮ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺳﻮﯾﺎ

Phytotoxic effects evaluation of mixed aqueous extract of some plants and Metribuzin herbicide on weed control in soybean (Glycine max ( L.) Merr.)

آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﮑﺮار ﺟﻬﺖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﻓﯿﺘﻮﺗﻮﮐﺴﯿﮏ ﻣﺨﻠﻮط ﻋﺼﺎره ﻫﺎي آﺑﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ 8 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ + ﮐﻠﺰا 8 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ 8 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ+ ﻗﯿﺎق 8 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ و ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ 4 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ + ﮐﻠﺰا 4 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ + ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ 4 ﻟﯿﺘﺮ+ ﻗﯿﺎق ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﯾﺎ ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺼﻒ دوز ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻋﻠﻒ ﮐﺶ ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ300 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﺪون ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دوز ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ 600 ﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر،ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﺶ روﯾﺸﯽ، ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻮﯾﺎ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ 300 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ+ ﻗﯿﺎقو ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ+ ﮐﻠﺰا+ ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ+ ﻗﯿﺎق ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﮔﺎو ﭘﻨﺒﻪ، ﺗﺎﺟﺮ رﯾﺰي ﺳﯿﺎه و ﺗﺎج ﺧﺮوس و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭼﻬﺎرم و ﻫﺸﺘﻢ ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﮔﺮدﯾ. ﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ+ ﮐﻠﺰا+ ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ+ ﻗﯿﺎق+ 300 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ و 600 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺎ 60و 57 درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺪون ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﺷﺪﻧ.ﺪ ﻟﺬا در راﺳﺘﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺸﺖ ﺳﻮﯾﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﺼﺎره آﺑﯽ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ+ ﮐﻠﺰا+ ﭘﯿﭽﮏ ﺻﺤﺮاﺋﯽ + ﻗﯿﺎق + 300 ﮔﺮم ﻣﺘﺮي ﺑﻮزﯾﻦ را در ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار داد.

A field study was conducted in a completely randomized block design with four replications to figure out the efficacy of phytotoxic some mixed plants water extracts (WBs) alone and in combination with Metribuzin for effective weed management in soybean under pre-emergent application in Golestan province. The treatments investigated were; weedy check, alfalfa (8 L.ha-1) + rapeseed (8 L.ha-1), field bind weed (8 L.ha-1) + Johnson grass (8 L.ha-1) and alfalfa (4 L.ha-1) + rapeseed (4 L.ha-1) + field bind weed (4 L.ha-1) + Johnson grass (4 L.ha-1) with or without half recommended rate of Metribuzin (300 g.ha-1), and recommended rate of Metribuzin (600 g.ha-1) were also sprayed for some comparisons. Results revealed that added 300 g.ha-1 of Metribuzin to field bind weed + Johnson grass WBs and alfalfa + rapeseed + field bind weed + Johnson grass WBs enhanced their effectiveness in the reduction of mean relative abundance of velvetleaf, black nightshade and pigweed (Amaranthus spp.) and total weed biomass at the 4th and 8th week after soybean planting. Other results showed the binary combination of alfalfa + rapeseed + field bind weed + Johnson grass WBs with 300 g.ha-1 of Metribuzin and Metribuzin (600 g.ha-1) treatments increase 60 and 57 % soybean yield, respectively, in compare to weedy check treatment. Therefore, to reduce the use of herbicide in soybean cultivation, the application of a binary combination of alfalfa + rapeseed + field bind weed + Johnson grass WBs with 300 g.ha-1 of Metribuzin can be considered.