ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻫﺎي در دﺳﺖ ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن

Study of cold tolerance and agronomic traits of bread wheat promising lines

دراﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺗﻌﺪاد 48 ﻻﯾﻦ در دﺳﺖ ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاري و ارﻗﺎم ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ روش آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ- ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اي در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ، ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ و آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژي ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﺻﻼح و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﻬﺎل و ﺑﺬر در ﮐﺮج ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮔﻨﺪم وﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت زراﻋﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ از اﻫﺪاف اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺎدت داده ﺷﺪه ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ در ﺑﻬﻤﻦ ﻣﺎه از ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ در ﻻﯾﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﺮﯾﺰر اﻧﺠﻤﺎد ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ داﺷﺖ و ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي و ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮام ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل و ﻫﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )رﻗﻢ ﺑﻬﺎران( داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 17 رﻗﻢ و ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻤﺎل ﭘﻨﺞ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )رﻗﻢ ﮔﻨﺒﺪ( داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﻪ ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺮد ﭼﻬﺎر ﻻﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )رﻗﻢ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﺎم( داﺷﺘﻨﺪ.

In this experiment, 48 bread wheat promising lines and check cultivars were studied for determining tolerance to cold stress in field, greenhouse, and physiology laboratory of Cereal Research Department of Seed and Plant Improvement Institute in Karaj. The objective of this study was: to determine the LT50 tolerance potential and some quantitative traits in some bread wheat genotypes. The plants that were acclimated to cold collected from the field in February and the cold tolerance in the promising lines were determined by measuring LT50. A total of 16 moderate region lines, 7 lines have more cold tolerance and more grain yield than Baharan cultivar (check). Among of cold region genotypes, 4 lines have more cold tolerance and more grain yield than pishgam cultivar. Among of North region genotypes,5 lines have more cold tolerance and more grain yield than Gonbad cultivar.