ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻧﺘﺎج ﺗﻤﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺮي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ دو ﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ و رﯾﺰوﮐﺘﻮﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺻﻔﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ

Development of full-sib families resistant to rhizomania and rhizoctonia based on Qualitative traits in sugar beet

ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻞ ﻫﺎ و ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ و در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺗﻬﯿـ ﻪ ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾـ ﺪﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧـﻪ ﻣﻘـﺎوم ﻫﻤـﻮاره از اﻫﺪاف اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋادي ﭼﻐﻨﺪرﻗﻨﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻫﺪف ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ 14 ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ و ﭘﻮﺳـ ﯿﺪﮔﯽ رﯾﺸﻪ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﮐﺘﻮﻧﯿﺎﻏﺮﺑﺎل و ﺣﺎﻣﻞ ژن ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﻣﯿﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ، در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣـﻪ ﺳﻠﮑﺴـ ﯿﻮن ﺳـﺎل 1396 ﮐﺸـﺖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰﻫﻤﺎن ﺳﺎل ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ، ﺗﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺿﺪ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﯽ وﺟﻬﺖ زﻣﺴـﺘﺎن ﮔـﺬراﻧ ﯽ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮدﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در اﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 1396 ﺗﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻞ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺟﺪاﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﺻـﻔﺎت وزن ﺗـﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺑﺮﯾﮑﺲ، راﻧﺪﻣﺎن اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل و ﻋﯿﺎرﻗﻨﺪ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻗﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﻬﺎر ﺳﺎل 1397 ﺗﮏ رﯾﺸﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر S1 ﮐﺸﺖ و ﮐﯿﺞ ﮔﺬاري ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در ﻓﺼﻞ داﺷﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﺮگ از ﻫـﺮ ﯾـﮏ از ﺗـﻮده ﻫـﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺲ از اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج DNA در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﮑـﻮﻟﯽ SCAR ﯾـﺎ STS ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد در ﻣﻮﺳﺴـﻪ، ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻤﻮزﯾﮕﻮت ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺑﻪ رﯾﺰوﻣﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺬف ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎ در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1397 ﺗﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﺑﺬر ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻮﺟﺎري ارﺳﺎل ﺷﺪ.

Development of families and populations resistant to major diseases in sugar beet and finally producing multiple resistant hybrids is always a fundamental objective in sugar beet breeding programs for target areas. In this study, 14 sugar beet families resistant to rhizomania and rhizoctonia which were screened for resistance to rhizoctonia and bear a rhizomania resistant genes, were planted in selection field in 2017. In the fall of the same year and after harvest, single selected roots were disinfected and transferred to the cold room for vernalization. In March 2018, individual roots of each family were analyzed for qualitative characteristics and based on single root weight, brix, extraction coefficient, and sugar content parameters, roots were selected. In spring 2018, selected roots were cultivated for full-sib family production in cage field. Leaf samples were taken and after DNA extraction in the laboratory, using SCAR or STS molecular markers, resistant homozygous plants to rhizomania were identified and kept and susceptible plants were removed. Eventually, in summer 2018, seeds were harvested form single plants and sent to the Seed Technology laboratory for further processing.