ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي و ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه داروﯾﯽ زﯾﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ Cuminum cyminum L

The Effect of Drought Stress on Morphological Characteristics and Essential Oil of Cuminum cyminum L. Medicinal Plant

ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻇﺎﻫﺮي و ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﮔﯿﺎه زﯾﺮه ﺳﺒﺰ ).Cuminum cyminum L(، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 4 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و 4 ﺗﮑﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )100(، 75، 50 و 25 درﺻﺪ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ زراﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه و اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج اﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﮐﻠﻮﻧﺠﺮ و روش ﺗﻘﻄﯿﺮ ﺑﺎ آب اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ در ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﻨﺶﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎﺗﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ وزن ﺗﺮ اﻧﺪام ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ و زﯾﺮزﻣﯿﻨﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﭼﺘﺮ در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، درﺻﺪ اﺳﺎﻧﺲ )0/01

In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on morphological characteristics and essential oil of Cuminum cyminum L., an experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Different levels of drought stress were control (100), 75, 50, 25 percentage of field capacity. After cultivation and different stresses application, some morphological characteristics were measured. The essential oil extraction was done using Clevenger and hydro distillation method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. The results showed that the effect of different drought stresses was significant on the parameters such as fresh weight of aerial and underground parts, plant height, number of umbels in a plant, essential oil percentage (p<0.01) and the number of seeds in an umbel (p<0.05); it caused a decrease in all parameters except the essential oil percentage comparing to the control treatment. The most amount of essential oil was related to 50% FC treatment (2.3%) and the least amount was related to 25% FC treatment (0.98%). Totally, the results indicated that increasing drought stress levels causes a decrease in cumin growth characteristics but the percentage of essential oil increased until average stress condition (50% FC) and it decreased with increasing stress intensity (25% FC).