3D evaluation of displacements generated in ground due to tunnel boring using TBMs

In this paper, several analyses have been performed to determine displacements especially vertical displacements of ground surface using Plaxis 3D Tunnel and factors influencing on displacement and the way they influence have been evaluated. Since low depth ground, loose urban soils, large span, and existence of tall buildings on urban tunnels are some of their specification which makes it difficult to control superficial displacement and stability of these underground spaces. Settlements and displacement generated due to tunnel boring may damage neighboring buildings significantly. Numerical and finite element methods are one of approaches for determining displacement on the ground surface. In this paper ground settlement profile is obtained using analytical method and numerical modeling and it is proved that numerical method can be used as an alternative for analytical approaches which has more simplicity.